The cereal cyst nematode （Heterodera avenae Wollenweber） is the most threatening nematode on wheat and cereal crops in China. The occurrence and distribution of Heterodera spp. were investigated by random sampling method from 19 town or counties of Shandong Province. The species was identified as Heterodera avenae with the morphological and rDNA-ITS analysis. The cereal cyst nematode was detected from 70.9 percent samples collected from Linyi City,Laiwu City,Zibo City,Weifang City,Dongying City,Weihai City and Yantai City. The highest cyst and egg number appeared in Dongying City and Weifang City,the lowest cyst and egg number appeared in Yantai City.