The structural features of root,stolon,leaf and tuber of Vallisneria spinulosa were analyzed with plant anatomy.The results showed that Vallisneria spinulosa had structural characteristics of aquatic monocotyledon with well-developed adventitious root and multi-node stolon.The single grain starch granules were rich in the basic tissue of winter tuber.The aerenchyma is well developed,vascular structure is simple,xylem is degraded or absent and mechanical tissue is not developed in whole-plant.The Vallisneria spinulosa’s winter buds are proposed to be defined as “tubers”.