The genetic diversity of eight natural populations of Rosa odorata Sweet var.gigantea Rehd.et Wils.in Yunnan Province was analyzed with SSR markers.The result showed that 72 bands were amplified with twelve polymorphic primers.Polymorphic loci were 70 and percentage of polymorphism was 97.22%.At the level of species,the Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.301 2 and the Shannon information index was 0.460 0,showing that the genetic diversity of the populations of Rosa odorata Sweet var. gigantea in Yunnan Province was abundant.It was 69.49% of genetic variation within populations,and 30.51% of genetic variation among populations.So the genetic variation within populations was the main reason of the genetic variation.The Nei’s pairwise genetic identity and genetic distance were 0.761 5-0.934 8 and 0.067 4-0.272 4.The cluster analysis based on genetic distance showed that the genetic distance was not significantly related with the geographic location.