Genetic diversity of a wild population and a cultured population from Anabarilius grahami was measured based on cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial.Fourteen and fifteen unrelated individuals were chosen in wild and cultured populations,respectively.Twenty-one haplotypes were identified.The cultured population exhibited higher average nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (Hd) than the wild population.The genetic distances of the wild and the cultured populations were 0.003 39 and 0.003 43,respectively.The distance of inter-population (0.003 64) was larger than that of intra-population.AMOVA analysis demonstrated that Fst was 0.064 1(P<0.01).Small variance occurred between the two populations (6.41%) and large part of the variance occurred within populations (93.59%).It implied that genetic variance mainly existed among intra-populations.No significant genetic differentiation was observed between the wild and cultured populations.The values from Tajima’s D,Fu and Li’s D and F of neutrality tests were all negative.It suggested that the test results of two A.grahami populations departured from neutrality model,which indicated that populations of A.grahami were possibly experienced population expansion and natural selection.