In order to identify grain quality of rice plants with different panicle type,42 rice varieties were tested.Taking with panicle erectness,grain density,single panicle weight and plant height,the cultivars were classified into erect,semi-erect and curve panicle types; dense,semi-dense and loose panicle types; heavy,middle and light panicle types; height,middle,semi-dwarf and dwarf haulms,respectively.The effects of agronomic traits and physiological characteristics on quality were analysed.The results showed that curve,semi-dense and light panicle types,and height haulm had little chalky grains and small chalkiness were good appearance quality.Semi-erect,loose and middle panicle types,and middle haulm had high brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head rice rate,so they had good processing quality.Curve,loose and heavy panicle types,and middle haulm had big gel consistency,small amylose content,with cooking and eating quality.Erect,loose and light panicle types, and short haulm had high protein content with good nutritional quality.Suitable reducing neck-panicle node width,panicle length,secondary rachis branches and grain density was beneficial to quality.When photosynthesis rate was on 13.6 μmol/(m2?s) at the maturity stage,it should have good cooking quality.The chlorophyll content was negatively associated with processing,or cooking,quality,but was beneficial to nutritional quality.Maintaining larger LAI at the maturity stage was beneficial to processing quality,but was unfavorable for nutritional quality.