The social genetic effects-residual feed intake （SGE-RFI） value of 209 Duroc pigs was estimated to study the key metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with the SGE-RFI in Duroc pigs at the level of intestinal metabolome and provide an explanation for the SGE of pig feed reward at the level of molecule. 10 individuals with extreme value at each end were divided into a high social genetic effect group （HRS） and a low social genetic effect group （LRS）. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS） was used to analyze the content of metabolites from ileal and cecal in 20 Duroc pigs. The Partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA） was used to identify significantly different metabolites in the ileum and cecum of Duroc pigs between HRS and LRS groups. The kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the major functional pathways involving these metabolites. The results showed that the 1 111 and 590 significantly different metabolites in the ileum and cecum were identified， with 13 different metabolites including GABA shared between the ileum and cecum. The different metabolites in the ileum were primarily enriched in 26 pathways including alanine， aspartate， and glutamate metabolism， ABC transporters， and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The different metabolites in the cecum were mainly associated with 8 pathways including tryptophan metabolism， biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， and purine metabolism. It is indicated that social genetic effects-residual feed intake （SGE-RFI） in Duroc pigs are significantly correlated with different metabolites including GABA in the ileum and cecum and key metabolic pathways including the metabolism of amino acid and tryptophan. It will provide insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the social genetic effects of feed efficiency in farming pig.