城市建成环境公园绿地对鸟类多样性的支持影响
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作者单位:

1.湖北美术学院环境艺术学院/可持续景观规划设计研究中心,武汉430205;2.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

作者简介:

潘延宾,E-mail:panyanbin@hifa.edu.cn

通讯作者:

姚崇怀,E-mail: yao_chonghuai@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

Q958.12

基金项目:

湖北省教育厅科学研究计划中青年人才项目(Q20222301)


Effects of green spaces in parks in urban built environment on diversity of birds
Author:
Affiliation:

1.School of Environmental Art, Hubei Institute of Fine Arts/Sustainable Landscape Planning and Design Research Center, Wuhan 430205,China;2.College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,China

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    摘要:

    为探究城市公园特征与鸟类多样性之间的关系,选取武汉主城区8个典型公园绿地作为研究对象,结合中国观鸟记录中心数据、实地调研(现场直接计数和鸣声调查)方法获取2022—2024年的鸟类观测记录,对城市建成环境公园绿地鸟类生境类型、生态类群、居留型、濒危珍稀种类等进行数据分析。结果显示:共记录鸟类18目58科251种;物种组成以雀形目占多数,居留型以留鸟和冬候鸟为主,鸣禽为各公园的主要生态类群;稀有种和罕见种多分布于人为干扰较少的公园大面积林地和湿地中;拥有自然植被的公园中分布的鸟种较多;生境组成类型越丰富,植被结构越复杂,对鸟类多样性作用越大。汉口江滩公园和武汉植物园2个公园内特有的生境类型显著促进了鸟类多样性,对稀有物种具有强吸引力。鸟类多样性状况与公园绿地面积、植被覆盖率、群落结构、周边自然化程度都呈正相关;群落结构因子对鸟类多样性影响最为显著。因此,在城市绿地中改善生境多样性、增加乡土植物应用、丰富植物群落结构对提升鸟类多样性具有积极意义。

    Abstract:

    8 typical green spaces in parks in the main urban area of Wuhan City were used to study the relationship between the characteristics of parks in urban and the diversity of birds.Records of observing birds from 2022 to 2024 were obtained by combining the data from the China Bird Watching Record Center with field surveys including direct on-site counting and song surveys.The data on the types of bird habitat, ecological groups, type of resident, and endangered and rare species in the green spaces in parks in the urban built environment were analyzed.The results showed that 251 species of birds belonging to 58 families and 18 orders were recorded.The composition of species was dominated by Passeriformes, with resident birds and winter migratory birds as the main type of resident, and songbirds as the main ecological group in each park.Rare and very rare species were mostly distributed in large areas of forests and wetlands in parks with less interference from human.There were more species of birds distributed in parks with natural vegetation.The richer the types of habitats and the more complex the structure of vegetation, the greater the effect on the diversity of birds.The unique type of habitat in the Hankou Riverside Park and Wuhan Botanical Garden significantly promoted the diversity of birds and had strong appeal to rare species of birds.The diversity of birds was positively correlated with the area of green space in parks, the coverage of vegetation, the structure of community, and the degree of naturalization in the surrounding areas.Among these factors, the structure of community had the most significant effect on the diversity of birds.It is indicated that improving the diversity of habitats, increasing the use of indigenous plants, and enriching the structure of plant community in urban green spaces are of great positive significance for increasing the diversity of birds.

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潘延宾,汪小爽,贺敏文,石一瑜,姚崇怀.城市建成环境公园绿地对鸟类多样性的支持影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2026,45(1):64-72

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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-09
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