A ring groove-type disk of seeder was designed based on the radius of curvature of the micro potato seeds to solve the problems of the operation of existing air-suction micro potato seeder requiring high negative pressure， high power consumption and serious leakage. The effective contact area of the micro potato seed adhering to the disk was increased to improve the qualification index of the air-suction micro potato seeder. A coupled simulation model of an air-suction micro potato seeder was constructed with EDEM and Fluent software. A quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was designed with operating parameters including the vacuum degree， rotation speed of seeder disk and structural parameters including the diameter of suction hole， number of suction holes of the seeder as influencing factors， and the qualification index， leakage index， reseeding index， and power consumption as indexes of performance. The result set of the impact of various influencing factors on the indexes of performance of the seeder was obtained through coupling simulation. The non-dominated sorting algorithm （NSGA-Ⅱ） for multi-objective optimization of the result set was used to obtain optimal solution set of Pareto. The optimal structure parameters and operating parameters of seeder were obtained after assigning weights to the optimal solution set using analytic hierarchy process （AHP）. The results showed that the optimal parameters were negative pressure value of －5 060 Pa， rotation speed of seeder disk of 35 r/min， number of suction holes of 10， and diameter of suction hole of 10 mm， with the qualification index of the seeder of 94.18%， the leakage index of 3.14%， the reseeding index of 2.68%， and the power consumption of 11.2 kW. The results of bench test showed that the simulation results optimized were basically consistent with the bench test， with a relative error of 0.97%. It is indicated that the combination of multi-objective optimization algorithm and hierarchical analysis process for weight allocation is reasonable and feasible for the performance optimization of air-suction micro potato seeder..