餐厨剩余物发酵产物对克氏原螯虾生长、肌肉品质、免疫酶活和消化功能的影响
作者:
作者单位:

1.华中农业大学水产学院/双水双绿研究院/湖北洪山实验室/长江经济带大宗水生生物产业绿色发展教育部工程研究中心,武汉 430070;2.北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司,北京 100015

作者简介:

焦婷,E-mail: 2632184298@qq.com

通讯作者:

顾泽茂,E-mail: guzemao@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

Q959.223+.63

基金项目:

湖北洪山实验室重大项目(2021HSZD002);湖北省第四批现代农业产业技术体系水产产业技术体系项目(2023HBSTX4-05); 湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2021-620-000-001-33); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662023SCPY003)


Effects of dietary fermentation products of table leftovers on growth,muscle quality,immune enzyme activity and digestive function for Procambarus clarkii
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University/ Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070,China;2.Beijing Golden Way Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100015,China

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    摘要:

    为综合评估餐厨剩余物发酵产物在克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)养殖中的适用性,试验在克氏原螯虾基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、3%、6%和9%比例的餐厨剩余物发酵产物,探究餐厨剩余物发酵产物对克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉品质、免疫与消化功能的影响。结果显示: (1)饲料中添加餐厨剩余物发酵产物饲喂30 d对克氏原螯虾增重率、肝胰腺指数、出肉率和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05),但可显著提高存活率、总产出和总增重率,显著降低饲料系数(P<0.05); 6%添加组的总产出和总增重率最大,分别比对照组高52.70%和108.51%。(2)餐厨剩余物发酵产物的添加对肌肉粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但可显著提高肌肉弹性(P<0.05); 3%和6%添加组肌肉粗脂肪含量较对照组显著降低12.61%和13.77%(P<0.05); 9%添加组肌肉中4种主要鲜味氨基酸总量显著低于对照组和3%添加组(P<0.05)。(3)饲喂30 d时,6%添加组碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性较对照组显著升高76.56%、65.28%和172.42%,且溶菌酶活性显著高于3%和9%添加组(P<0.05)。(4)饲喂30 d时,3%添加组肝胰腺脂肪酶活性显著高于其他3组,餐厨剩余物发酵产物添加组淀粉酶活性均显著升高(P<0.05); 组织学观察显示6%添加组虾的肝胰腺形态较好,且富含R、E、F细胞。以上结果表明,餐厨剩余物发酵产物可以应用于克氏原螯虾饲料中,适宜添加量为6%,此时克氏原螯虾的存活率提高、饲料系数下降,可获得较好的总产出和总增重率,且肌肉品质、免疫力、消化功能整体提升,综合效益最好。

    Abstract:

    In order to comprehensively evaluate the applicability of fermentation products of table leftovers in the culture of crayfish,Procambarus clarkii,we added different proportions (0/control group,3%,6% and 9%) of these fermentation products into the basic diet of crayfish,and investigated the effects of these fermentation products on growth performance,muscle quality,immune enzyme activity and digestive functions of crayfish. The results showed that: (1) Feeding diets containing fermentation products of table leftovers for 30 d did not significant affect weight gain rate,hepatosomatic index,meat yield,or specific growth rate of crayfish (P>0.05),but significantly increased survival rate,total output and total weight gain rate,and significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). The total output and total weight gain rate of the group with a 6% addition were the highest,showing increases of 52.70% and 108.51%,respectively,compared with the control group. (2) Fermentation products of table leftovers had no significant effect on the crude protein content in the muscle of crayfish (P>0.05),but significantly increased muscle springiness (P<0.05). The crude fat content in the groups with 3% and 6% additions was significantly reduced by 12.61% and 13.77%,respectively,compared with the control group (P<0.05). The content of four main delicious amino acids in the muscle of the 9% addition group was significantly lower than that in both the control group and the 3% addition group (P<0.05). (3) At 30 d,the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase and lysozyme in the 6% addition group were significantly increased by 76.56%,65.28% and 172.42%,respectively,compared with the control group,and lysozyme activity in the 6% addition group was significantly higher than that in the 3% and 9% added groups (P<0.05). (4) At 30 d,the lipase activity in the hepatopancreas of the group with 3% addition was significantly higher than that in the other three groups,and the amylase activity in the groups that received fermentation products was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Histological observations showed that the morphology of the hepatopancreas was better in the group with a 6% addition,which contained abundant R,E,and F cells. These results demonstrate that fermentation products of table leftovers can be used in the diet of crayfishwith an optional addition level of 6%. In this case,the survival rate of crayfish has increased,while the feed conversion ratio has decreased,resulting in improved total output and total weight gain rate. Additionally,the muscle quality,immunity,and digestive function have all shown overall improvement,leading to optional comprehensive benefits.

    图1 克氏原螯虾血清免疫酶活性Fig.1 Serum immune enzyme activities of Procambarus clarkii
    图2 克氏原螯虾肝胰腺消化酶活性Fig.2 Hepatopancreas digestive enzyme activities of Procambarus clarkii
    图3 投喂饲料30 d时克氏原螯虾肝胰腺组织结构Fig.3 Hepatopancreas structure of Procambarus clarkii after 30 days of feeding
    表 1 饲料的原料组成和营养水平(干物质)Table 1 Raw material composition and nutritional level of feed (dry matter)
    表 2 餐厨剩余物发酵产物氨基酸组成(干物质)Table 2 Amino acid composition of fermentation products of table leftovers (dry matter)
    表 3 饲料投喂30 d后克氏原螯虾的生长性能和产出情况Table 3 Growth performance and output of Procambarus clarkii after 30 days of feeding
    表 4 克氏原螯虾肌肉基本成分比较Table 4 Comparison of muscle composition of Procambarus clarkii
    表 5 克氏原螯虾肌肉氨基酸种类及含量分析Table 5 Analysis of amino acid species and content in muscle of Procambarus clarkii
    表 6 克氏原螯虾肌肉质构指标Table 6 Muscle texture indexes of Procambarus clarkii
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焦婷,徐智威,蔡云霞,顾泽茂.餐厨剩余物发酵产物对克氏原螯虾生长、肌肉品质、免疫酶活和消化功能的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(1):191-200

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-03-03
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