In order to develop a high-quality formula feed for largemouth bass （Micropterus salmoides）， this study replaced fish meal with soybean meal and added probiotics to investigate the growth and antioxidant tolerance of fish. Juvenile largemouth bass with initial body weight （50.78±1.15） g were used as the research object. The fish meal content of the control group was set to 30%， and on the basis of the control group， the fish meal content of the treatment group was replaced with 25%， 50% and 75% soybean meal， respectively， which were recorded as D25， D50 and D75 treatment groups. In addition， 0.05% Clostridium butyricum was added to 3 treatment groups D25+C， D50+C and D75+C. After 8 weeks of experiment， the growth performance， feed utilization， body composition and antioxidant performance of largemouth bass were analyzed. The results showed that when 25% fish meal was replaced by soybean meal， there were no significant differences in growth performance， body composition and antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass （P>0.05）. But weight gain rate （WGR） and specific growth rate （SGR） decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and feed conversion ratio （FCR） increased significantly when the replacement level of soybean meal reached 50% （P<0.05）. The oxygen species （ROS）， total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in liver and serum were also significantly changed （P<0.05）. However， there were no significant differences in WGR， SGR， ROS， T-AOC and SOD between the group supplemented with C. butyricum on the basis of replacing 50% fish meal and the control group. When the replacement level reached 75%， the growth performance and antioxidant performance of fish were improved by adding C. butyricum， but still significantly lower than that of the control group. To sum up， the addition of 0.05% C. butyricum could improve the negative effects of 50% substitution of soybean meal for fish meal on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass.