The associated cultivation modes of tomato and lettuce， amaranth， cabbage， mint and onion were set up. The effects of different associated crops on the fertility of the rhizosphere soil and the diversity of bacteria and fungi of the main tomato were analyzed based on high-throughput sequencing technology to study the mechanism of the effects of different associated crops on the fertility and health of the rhizosphere soil of the main tomato， and provide theoretical basis and technical support for constructing the ecological cultivation model of tomato. The results showed that the associated cultivation with four associated crops except of cabbage significantly increased the activity of soil enzymes including aminopeptidases and phosphatase， and microbial biomass carbon， nitrogen and phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil of the main tomato plant. Although the associated cultivation did not enrich the microbial diversities in the rhizosphere soil of the main tomato plant， it changed the microbial abundance ratio in the rhizosphere soil of the main tomato plant. At phylum level， the associated cultivation increased the abundance ratio of Proteobacteria， Firmicutes and Patescibactera bacteria. At genus level， norank f. Microscillaceae， norank_f. norank. o. Vicinamibacterales， Bacillus， norank.f. Gemmatimonadaceae， and Altererythrobacter were the top ten unique dominant bacteria in rhizospheres of tomatoes associated with different crops. In addition， the associated cultivation changed the diversity and abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of the main tomato plants to varying degrees， and enriched the dominant fungi of the phylum Chlamydomonas， Basidiomycetes， and Phyllomycetes. At the same time， it enriched the dominant fungi including unclassified o Sordariales， Olpidium， and Conoxybe， Phallemonium， unclassified o Pleosporales， unclassified o Boletales， and Sodiomyces， and increased the abundance ratio of Chaetomium as well. It is indicated that the associated cultivation of lettuce， amaranth， mint and onion in tomato contributes to improve the fertility of tomato rhizosphere soil and maintain the health of rhizosphere microenvironment soil in varying degrees. Among them， the effect of associated cultivation of lettuce and mint on improving soil fertility and maintaining soil health is better than that of corresponding cabbage， amaranth and onion.