In order to better protect and exploit the resources of Triplophysa yarkandensis in the Tarim River basin，based on 348 samples collected in the Qarqan River，a tributary of the Tarim River，from 2019 to 2022，the age structure and growth characteristics of T. yarkandensis were studied.The results showed that the collected samples had a body length distribution range of 38-290 mm and a body weight distribution range of 0.8-271.6 g.The age structure was 1-11 years old，and the body length weight relationship equation was W=2.47×10^-5L^2.8562.The Von Bertalanffy growth equations of the female were：L_t=407.2572［1-e^{-0.1117（t+0.9298）}］，W_t=697.2606［1-e^{-0.1117（t+0.9298）}］^2.8756；and of the male were：L_t=327.9114［1-e^{-0.1572（t+0.7154）}］，W_t=373.9090［1-e^{-0.1572（t+0.9298）}］^2.8353.The apparent growth indexes were：?_♀=4.2678 and ?_♂=4.2280.The inflection point age，corresponding body length and weight for females were： 8.5 years old，265.63 mm and 204.04 g； and for males were：5.9 years old，212.26 mm and 108.94 g，respectively.The results showed that the growth size and natural life of the population of T. yarkandensis in the Qarqan River was larger，and the growth rate was faster than that of other tributaries.