The large-scale application of field drip irrigation in Xinjiang has achieved significant economic，social and ecological benefits，but its impact on the water and salt balance in soil and the dynamics of groundwater is different in different regions as well. This article systematically reviewed the history of development and achievements of field drip irrigation in Xinjiang to accurately understand the effect of long-term water-saving irrigation on water-salt balance in soil and groundwater level in Xinjiang. The changes of soil moisture in the topsoil，the depth of underground phreatic water in the farmland in the main irrigation areas in northern and southern Xinjiang，and the redistribution of soil salt in the topsoil since the long-term field drip irrigation were analyzed. Four countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the perspective of maintaining the sustainable use of water and soil resources in Xinjiang. The groundwater and surface water are overall used to build a safe groundwater level. Scientific irrigation and drainage shall be combined to maintain good farmland topsoil. Unified planning and utilization of saline alkali land in the region is used to realize the sustainable utilization of regional water and soil resources. Water saving and salt reduction is used as the core to improve the utilization efficiency of regional agricultural resources. It will provide reference and direction for further developing sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources in Xinjiang. Water saving and salt reduction is a strategic measure for the sustainable development of agriculture in Xinjiang in the future. However，how to realize the efficient use of water and soil resources in arid saline-alkali areas and explore and follow the scientific issue of water and salt balance deserves long-term attention.