The subtropical paddy soils have the racteristics of long-term and sustainable carbon sequestration，and the dynamics of soil organic carbon （SOC） storage is of great significance for accurately assessing the “source-sink” function of regional carbon in China.This article discussed the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution of soil carbon storage in subtropical paddy soils，the input of soil organic carbon in paddy fields，the function of microbial carbon sequestration，the characteristics of organic carbon mineralization and its mechanism.The soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction in paddy soils under the background of "carbon neutrality" was prospected.The soil organic carbon storage and carbon sequestration of paddy soils in the subtropical region of China are obviously higher than those in other regions.Its outstanding carbon sequestration ability is mainly due to the input of photosynthetic carbon in rice，soil autotrophic microbial carbon sequestration and flooding，which limits microbial activity，inhibits the microbial decomposition process of plant residues，and promotes the direct accumulation of plant residues.The mineralization rate of soil organic carbon in paddy soils is regulated by factors including the stoichiometetry of carbon，nitrogen and phosphorus，management of water and fertilizer，and temperature，which affect the efficiency and potential of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in paddy soils.Based on the importance of subtropical paddy soils to soil carbon sequestration and carbon reduction of farmland soil in China，a systematic study on the mechanism of soil organic carbon accumulation and transformation in paddy ecosystems was proposed，and a high-precision regional soil organic carbon simulation model and methods for estimating soil organic carbon storage were constructed.It will help improve the soil fertility of farmland，accelerate the double-carbon goal of agriculture and promote the green development of agriculture in China.