The effects of rotation and fallow patterns on the soil organic carbon and its components in paddy fields were studied through two consecutive years of field experiments to optimize and screen the green and efficient multiple cropping mode of rotation and fallow in the rice fields with double cropping.The results showed that the total biomass of “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean → Chinese milk vetch-early rice-maize || sweet potato” pattern for two years was 31.68% - 65.91% higher than that of other patterns.In 2018-2019，the “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean” and the “Chinese milk vetch - spring soybean - autumn soybean” pattern were more conducive to the accumulation of total carbon in soil.The multiple cropping rotation pattern and fallow pattern were more conducive to the accumulation of active organic carbon in soil than the continuous cropping pattern.The “Chinese milk vetch - early rice and maize || sweet potato” and the “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean” were the best patterns.The “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean” pattern was more conducive to the accumulation of soluble organic carbon，microbial biomass carbon in soil.In 2019，the A（carbon pool activity），AI（carbon pool activity index）and carbon pool management index（CPMI） of the “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean” pattern reached the maximum and were 59.46%-84.38%，59.06%-84.47% and 52.81%-71.40% higher than those of other patterns （P<0.05）.The rotation pattern was more conducive to improving A，AI and CPMI，especially the “Chinese milk vetch - early rice and maize || sweet potato” and the“Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean” patterns had good performance.Under the condition of local soil fertility，paddy-upland multiple cropping rotation pattern increased the content of organic carbon and its components in soil，which is conducive to improving the soil quality and the soil fertility.Among the five patterns，the “Rapeseed - sugarcane || spring soybean to Chinese milk vetch - early rice - maize || sweet potato” pattern was the best.