‘Huamoxiang 5’ is an excellent black rice variety developed by Huazhong Agricultural University. We planted ‘Huamoxiang 5’ in 14 locations including Wuhan，Xi’an，Lingshui，and Ningbo etc to study the effects of planting locations on the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds. The rice flour samples of ‘Huamoxiang 5’ were extracted and analyzed by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-MS），and the data were quantitatively determined with the external standard method. The results showed that the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in ‘Huamoxiang 5’ varied significantly among samples collected from different planting locations. Among them，the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in the sample planted in Xi’an was the highest，with the content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside，peonidin-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid up to 2.855 mg/g，0.491 mg/g and 0.088 mg/g，respectively. The contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in the sample in Huangshi was the lowest，with the content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside，peonidin-3-O-glucoside and protocatechuic acid of 0.865 mg/g，0.162 mg/g，and 0.048 mg/g，respectively. It is indicated that the contents of anthocyanins and phenolic acid compounds in black rice are significantly affected by the planting environment. Thus，selecting suitable planting locations for specific black rice varieties is important to produce the black rice with high nutritional value.