To study the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the yield,quality and physiological characteristics of chewing cane,and to provide scientific basis for the application of ultrasonic treatment in the production of chewing cane.Six treatments (A:25 kHz,1 min; B:25 kHz,3 min; C:25 kHz,5 min; D:33 kHz,1 min; E:33 kHz,3 min; F:33 kHz,5 min) were set up based on the two-factor experiment of different treatment frequencies and different treatment time.In addition,the untreated buds were used as control (CK).The results showed that,compared with the control,the ultrasonic treatment had a promoting effect on the budding rate,tillering rate,growth rate,plant height,single stem weight and effective stem number of hectare,and the cane yield increased by 10.28%-55.60%,and sucrose content increased by -0.39%-0.79% (absolute value).The activity of antioxidant enzymes,such as catalase,peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves at the seedling stage,tillering stage and early jointing stage,could be improved,and the content of malondialdehyde in leaf plasma membrane could be reduced,and the resistance to chewing cane could be enhanced.Comprehensive analysis showed that the best treatment was 33 kHz and 5 min (cane yield increased by 55.60% and sucrose content increased by 0.31%).The research results have reference value for the application of ultrasonic treatment in chewing cane production.