Soil fertility change of farmland is extremely easy and has a great potential to be improved.Comparative studies of soil samples from 26 counties (cities,districts) in Hubei Province between recent soil survey and second soil survey in 30 years ago were carried out.Results showed that the whole cultivated area in Hubei Province decreased by 17.43% for the last three decades.The area of the first-class decreased by 28%,whereas the sixth-class increased by 225%.The high-quality cultivated land resource is lost due to the “occupying the high-guality while compensating the poor”.Results of the soil fertility evolution indicated that the contents of soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available phosphorus have been increasing.The contents of the available potassium have decreased.The contents of soil organic matter are at the same levels.The situation of soil acidification is serious.