全球转基因作物的产量和销量
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翻 译: 郑 婕 校 正: 袁 猛 华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室


Global production and consumption of genetically engineered crops
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    摘要:

    从1994年到现在,全世界转基因作物的种植生产和消费已经超过20年。转基因作物刚开始出现便立即被农民所接受。单单在2013年,全世界范围内包括棉花、玉米、大豆、油菜、甜菜和苜蓿在内的转基因作物种植面积已高达1.75亿hm2,有14个国家的转基因作物种植面积超过50万hm2。绝大多数转基因作物的两个典型优点是抗除草剂和抗虫。主要生产国的转基因作物普及率已经达到90%。如今,转基因作物在发达国家的种植面积比发展中国家更大。截至目前,还没有关于人类消费转基因作物以及含转基因成分食品的数据统计,绝大部分(约90%)的主要转基因作物被用作动物饲料,少数转基因作物,如木瓜、南瓜及甜玉米则被直接消费,油、淀粉、高果糖甜味剂、蔗糖和卵磷脂等来源于转基因作物的原料普遍被应用于食品产业。在美国超市,高达70%的产品中含有转基因成分,很多其他国家的人们也在消费这样的产品,尤其是那些没有要求转基因标识的国家和地区。在许多国家,一些非政府组织经常散布关于转基因食物的谣言,以达到阻挠公众接受转基因食物和转基因作物商业化的目的。遗憾的是,政府决策者的决定常常基于政治考虑,而非出于转基因作物的重要科学意义。

    Abstract:

    Genetically engineered (GE)crops have been produced and consumed by people for 20 years,starting in 1994.Adoption of GE crops by farmers was astonishingly rapid and in 2013,GE varieties of cotton,maize,soybean,canola,sugarbeet,and alfalfa were grown on 174 million hectares around the world.Fourteen countries grew more than 500 000 hectares each.Two phenotypes represent the overwhelming majority of the GE crops:herbicide tolerance and insect resistance.Penetration has now reached 90% levels in major producing countries.There are now more hectares of GE crops in developing countries than in developed ones.There are no figures on human consumption of GE crops and foods containing GE ingredients.By far the largest proportion (possibly 90%) of the major GE crops is undoubtedly used for animal feed.Minor GE crops such as papaya,squash and sweet maize are consumed directly.Ingredients such as oil,starch,high fructose sweetener,sucrose and lecithin that are made from GE crops are used extensively in the food industry.In US supermarkets up to 70% of the products available contain GE ingredients.Such products are also consumed by people in many countries,especially those were there is no GE labeling requirement.The activities of NGOs,often using misinformation about GE foods,continue to slow the acceptance of GE foods by the public and the commercial production of GE crops in many countries.Decisions by policy makers are unfortunately often based on political considerations rather than on scientific criteria.

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Maarten J. Chrispeels.全球转基因作物的产量和销量[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(06):

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-01-20
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