转基因作物和食品安全
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翻 译: 高 亮 校 正: 赵 毓 华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室


GM crops and food security 
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    摘要:

    2050年全球人口将高达90亿,为了养活每一个人,就必须有效地运用每一项技术使粮食增产。毫无疑问,转基因作物很可能是可以达到全球粮食安全的技术之一,而且也会起到积极的作用。尽管目前针对转基因的虚假言论很多,但我们可以明确地表示,转基因作物对于人和动物来说是安全的。目前大规模种植的抗除草剂和抗虫的转基因作物,只要在合适的环境中进行,对小型或大型的农业发展都是有益的,同时也有助于粮食安全。如果将抗旱、氮高效利用、抗病以及改良营养成分的优质基因在原生质体中表达后再进行育种,将转基因技术与常规育种策略相结合,将会相互促进、相互发展。放眼未来,发展中国家需要制定出合理的监管制度来推动有益的转基因作物,而不是停留在无休止的田间试验阶段。基因组编辑等新技术能使我们对基因组特定区域进行精准、安全的改造,因此,这项技术应获得更为宽松的监管环境。

    Abstract:

    If the world is to feed 9 billion people by 2050,it will need to use every technology available.Needless to say,GM crops are only one of many approaches needed to achieve global food security,but they certainly can play a positive role.Counteracting some of the current myths about GM crops,one can state unequivocally that current GM crops are safe for both humans and animals.Current GM crops that are herbicide tolerant or insect resistant can,under the right circumstances,benefit either small- or large-scale agriculture,both of which contribute to food security.Breeding and GM technology can synergize when genes for traits such as drought tolerance,improved nitrogen use efficiency,disease resistance,and/or improved nutritional content are expressed in superior germplasm developed through breeding.Looking to the future,the developing world needs to move beyond the stage of endless field trials and to develop harmonized regulatory regimes that will facilitate deregulation of events that have shown proven benefits in trials.New technologies such as genome editing offer great promise to carry out safe and precise changes to specific regions of the genome and should require much less regulatory oversight.

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Deborah Delmer.转基因作物和食品安全[J].华中农业大学学报,2014,33(06):

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  • 收稿日期:2014-09-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-01-20
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