The resistance to Chilo suppressalis (Walker) larvae and impact on arthropod community of a transgenic Bt gene rice was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. The results showed that the mortality of transgenic Bt gene rice against C.suppressalis larvae was more than 90% and significantly higher than the control rice. Both the occurrence and damage of C.suppressalis larvae in transgenic Bt gene rice plots were lower than those of the control rice plots. Compared with the control rice plots, there were no significant differences in community indices such as species richness, dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index in transgenic Bt gene rice plots. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the five guilds dominance in the transgenic Bt gene rice plots and the control rice plots. It was apparent that the transgenic Bt gene rice had high resistance to its target pests and no significant adverse impact on the arthropod community structure and guild dominance under the field conditions.