The indoor and outdoor survey and observation have been applied to study the morphological characteristics,life cycle and habits of the new pests of Azpeytia shirakii Hurkmans(Diptera:Syrphidae) in Gastrodia elata Blume.The results showed that the pest proliferates two generations in one year, and lives over-winter via pupae. Adults will appear in early April in the second year. In late June to the middle August, larvae will live over-summer through pupation and over-winter via pupae in the late October. The peak time of oviposition of the first generation is in May, and the peak time of larva emergence is in late May to the middle June. The peak time of oviposition of the second generation is in late August to the early September, and the peak time of larva emergence is from early September to early October. A.shirakiiis active mainly in the daytime. And the mating time is generally during 10:00-17:00,and the sites of ovipositon were chosen in damp places with organic waste around. The over-winter pupae may crawl to the surface layer of soil during sunny days and return to the hole when it encounters coldness.