摘要
为发掘甘蔗育种优异野生基因资源,以来自广西的333份割手密为材料,应用12对SSR引物的分子标记数据和28个表型性状资料构建广西割手密核心种质,并进行关联分析。关联分析结果显示,广西割手密茎径、节间长度、曝光前颜色、脱叶性和毛群共5个表型性状与8个位点显著相关;茎径与叶长、叶宽、节间长度、节数和锤度5个性状均表现出极显著相关;株高、茎径、节间长度、节数4个表型性状之间呈现显著或极显著的正相关;锤度与茎径和节间长度均表现为极显著的负相关。核心种质抽样按照总资源比例的0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9进行梯度筛选,当抽样比例达到30%以上时,即可包含100%等位基因覆盖度。遗传多样性评价和主成分分析结果显示,构建割手密核心种质所筛选材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,且基于核心种质绘制的主成分图与原始种质的分布图趋势相吻合。结果表明,根据30%的抽样比例筛选出99个割手密样本构建核心种质,遗传多样性评价和主成分分析所构建的核心种质具有较好的代表性。
甘蔗是我国最主要的糖料作物,我国年产糖约1 300万t,90%以上来自甘蔗,其中广西甘蔗产糖量占六成以上。现代甘蔗栽培种是异源多倍体,是由原种热带种(Saccharum officinarum L.)、印度种(S. barberi)、野生种割手密(S. spontaneum L.)和大茎野生种(S. robustum)经过一系列种间杂交育成的,其中约75%~85%的染色体来源于热带种,15%~25%来源于割手
近年来,广西甘蔗种质资源圃(南宁)广泛收集并保存了3 800余份资源,若对所有资源开展精细鉴定评价和杂交利用研究,将给资源保育工作者带来巨大的工作量与挑战。核心种质(core collection)概念的提
广西属亚热带气候,是我国甘蔗原产地之一,具有丰富多样的甘蔗栽培品种资源和野生种质资
形态表型数据标准参照文献[
采用SDS
引物名称 Primer | 多态性条带数 Number of polymorphic bands | 有效等位基因数 Number of effective allele | 香浓维纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity | 期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mSSCIR9 | 9 | 1.246 4 | 0.294 6 | 0.170 8 | 0.172 6 |
mSSCIR41 | 29 | 1.258 7 | 0.345 1 | 0.199 1 | 0.201 2 |
SMC1047HA | 24 | 1.497 9 | 0.473 7 | 0.308 7 | 0.311 8 |
SMC1604SA | 8 | 1.686 4 | 0.570 7 | 0.389 2 | 0.393 2 |
SMC16SA | 6 | 1.336 7 | 0.361 8 | 0.223 7 | 0.225 9 |
SMC179SA | 25 | 1.467 1 | 0.471 1 | 0.301 6 | 0.304 7 |
SMC278CS | 24 | 1.389 9 | 0.395 2 | 0.247 2 | 0.249 7 |
SMC31CUQ | 33 | 1.402 2 | 0.420 1 | 0.263 1 | 0.265 7 |
SMC336BS | 32 | 1.405 3 | 0.422 0 | 0.264 3 | 0.267 0 |
SMC36BUQ | 5 | 1.514 7 | 0.496 4 | 0.322 0 | 0.3253 |
SMC221MS | 28 | 1.331 2 | 0.356 7 | 0.217 0 | 0.219 2 |
ESTB155 | 4 | 1.321 0 | 0.329 5 | 0.200 6 | 0.202 6 |
应用GeneMarker软件(v2.4.0,SoftGenetics, State College, Pennsylvania)分析SSR扩增的DNA片段的毛细管电泳图谱数据。应用GenAIEx软
遗传多样性分析结果(
对SSR分子标记和27个表型数据进行关联分析,共有5个表型性状与8个位点显著相关,分别是茎径、节间长度、曝光前颜色、脱叶性和毛群(
引物 Primer | 表型性状P值 P value of phenotypic traits | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
茎径 Stem diameter | 节间长度 Internode length | 曝光前颜色 Preexposure color | 脱叶性 Defoliation | 毛群 Hair group | |
mSSCIR9 | 2.8525E-01 | 1.22E-05 | 6.263E-02 | 9.01E-05 | 6.339E-02 |
mSSCIR41 | 9.2287E-01 | 4.7223E-01 | 9.619E-02 | 1.9487E-01 | 2.25E-05 |
SMC16SA | 1.1E-03 | 1.16E-04 | 2.868E-02 | 1.02E-05 | 5.1078E-01 |
SMC31CUQ | 2.3101E-01 | 1.5743E-01 | 1.38E-06 | 4.7684E-01 | 9.5686E-01 |
SMC336BS | 5.4428E-01 | 2.1651E-01 | 8.0731E-01 | 3.3582E-01 | 1.74E-09 |
SMC221MS | 3.2E-05 | 1.072E-02 | 7.5042E-01 | 9.092E-02 | 8.2925E-01 |
注: 阈值为2.20264E-04。Note: Threshold is 2.20264E-04.
对割手密材料的6个数量性状进行变异及相关性分析,相关性采用Pearson相关系数计算。结果表明,茎径与其他5个性状均表现出极显著相关,其中叶长、叶宽、节间长度和节数为正相关,锤度为负相关。株高、茎径、节间长度、节数是甘蔗产量上极为重要的表型,该4个表型性状之间互相呈现显著至极显著的正相关;锤度是甘蔗品种选育目标上的另一重要指标,与茎径和节间长度均表现为极显著的负相关(

图1 割手密数量性状变异及Pearson两两相关分析
Fig. 1 Association analysis between quantitative character variation and Pearson correlation analysis in S. spontaneum
沿对角线为ZG(株高)、JJ(茎径)、YC(叶长)、YK(叶宽)、JJCD(节间长度)、JS(节数)、CD(锤度)的直方图;右上图中数字为相关系数,*:P < 0.05;**:P < 0.01;***:P < 0.001; 左下图为所对应2个表型数据的坐标点,红线表示相关性拟合曲线。 Histogram of ZG (plant height), JJ (stem diameter), YC (leaf length), YK (leaf width), JJCD (internode length), JS (node number), CD (brix) was displayed diagonally;The figure in the upper right is the correlation coefficient,*:P < 0.05; **:P < 0.01; ***:P < 0.001.The lower left graph is the coordinate points corresponding to the two phenotypic data, and the red line indicates the correlation fitting curve.
根据遗传变异SSR标记数据,应用Core Hunter Ⅱ软件,结合加权指数Modified Rogers distance (0.7)和Shannon diversity index (0.3),按照总资源比例的0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9进行梯度筛选,并对筛选材料进行覆盖度评价(

图2 割手密资源比例梯度覆盖度
Fig. 2 Proportional gradient coverage in S. spontaneum
对所有材料以及筛选出的核心种质进行遗传多样性评价。结果显示,核心种质的有效等位基因数、香农维纳指数(Shannon-Wiener index)、观测杂合度和期望杂合度均略高于原始种质,表明本研究构建的核心种质所筛选材料间具有丰富的遗传多样性,同时保留了较高的遗传变异(
样本类型 Popular type | 个体数目 Number of individuals | 有效等位基因数 Number of effective allele | 香农维纳多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 观测杂合度 Observed heterozygosity | 期望杂合度 Expected heterozygosity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
原始种质 Original germplasm | 333 | 1.372 | 0.385 | 0.240 | 0.241 |
核心种质 Core germplasm | 99 | 1.394 | 0.410 | 0.256 | 0.259 |
对所有种质材料和筛选的核心种质材料进行主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA),以评估种质筛选的准确性。聚类分析结果显示,基于核心种质绘制的主成分图能保持原始种质分布的几何形状和特征,核心种质较为均匀地分布在333份原种质中,和原始种质的分布图趋势吻合(

图3 所有种质材料(A)和核心种质样本(B)PCA分析
Fig. 3 PCA analysis of all genotypes (A) and core collection (B)
本研究所用的12对SSR引物中有7对具有高多态性,分别是mSSCIR41、SMC1047HA、SMC179SA、SMC278CS、SMC31CUQ、SMC336BS和SMC221MS,每对引物均获得条带24条以上。
齐永文
近年来,已有研究人员应用SSR分子标记开展甘蔗表型性状关联分析相关研
构建核心种质常用的2类特征数据分别是表型性状和分子标记。其中,表型性状在早期的割手密核心种质构建研究中被普遍采
在利用分子标记和表型数据构建割手密核心种质库的研究中,齐永文
本研究利用SSR分子标记与割手密表型性状开展关联分析研究,并建立了一个包含99份广西割手密的核心种质。核心种质取样比例为30%,包含了100%等位基因覆盖度,遗传多样性评价和主成分分析均表明所构建的核心种质具有较好的代表性,将为后续割手密种质资源的分子遗传学和基因组学研究提供依据。
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