摘要
为探究甬优籼粳杂交稻作再生稻种植时的再生特性及产量形成特点,以生产上应用广泛的甬优籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和甬优4949为试验材料、籼型杂交稻品种隆两优534为对照材料作再生稻种植进行了田间试验。结果显示:籼粳杂交稻和籼型杂交稻2个类型品种的再生特性存在显著差异;籼粳杂交稻甬优1540和甬优4949的优势再生节位为低节位的倒5节和倒4节,2个节位的再生苗有效穗占比之和分别为81.9%和68.9%,产量贡献率之和分别为89.6%和72.5%;2个节位再生稻的穗长、每穗粒数显著高于倒3节和倒2节,并呈现出从下往上节位逐步变小的趋势;而籼型杂交稻品种隆两优534的优势再生节位则是高节位的倒2节和倒3节,2个节位的有效穗占比和产量贡献率之和分别为71.5%和72.5%;甬优4949头季稻收割后1~7 d内的再生苗的成穗率、有效穗占比和产量贡献率分别为89.4%、74.6%和79.2%,均显著高于收割后8~12 d和12 d以上的再生苗;甬优1540和甬优4949再生稻的穗长、每穗粒数均要显著大于隆两优534,产量分别增产21.6%和17.3%。结果表明甬优籼粳杂交稻的低节位强再生力和再生苗穗大粒多的再生特性是其作再生稻种植时易获得高产的主要因素。
再生稻是一种利用水稻的再生特性,通过科学的栽培管理措施,使头季水稻收割后稻桩上的休眠芽迅速萌发生长成穗而再收获一季的水稻种植模
目前,关于再生稻的研究主要集中在再生稻气候适应
试验于2021年在浙江省衢州市常山县桂岳家庭农场进行。常山县光温资源丰富,雨量充沛,为浙江省再生稻的主要种植区,种植的主要品种有甬优系列籼粳杂交稻和隆两优系列籼型杂交稻。试验地土地平整、肥力均匀且排灌方便。供试再生稻品种为当地的2个主栽甬优籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和甬优4949,以籼型杂交稻隆两优534为对照。3个品种在当地作再生稻种植时的头季生育期有所差异,甬优4949较短,一般在150~155 d,而甬优1540和隆两优534相当,一般在160~165 d。
试验以品种为处理,采用随机区组设计,4次重复,每个重复1块田,每块田3个处理小区,每个小区种植面积180
1)不同节位再生苗考种。再生季成熟后,在每个小区选择头季收割时没有碾压过的3个点,每点2行,每行15丛,调查再生季有效穗。然后每个小区根据平均有效穗数,从稻桩基部带泥取回2丛,调查头季稻桩各节位有效穗数、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重,统计不同节位再生苗有效穗占比和产量贡献率。
2)不同时期再生苗考种。选取当地种植最广泛的甬优4949再生稻品种,于收割后7 d(8月20日)开始在每小区定点6丛再生稻进行再生苗调查与挂牌,此后分别于8月25日、8月30日和9月5日再调查和挂牌3次,记录每次出苗数,再生稻成熟后将6丛稻桩基部整丛带泥取回,在室内按挂牌分穗进行考种,考察成穗数、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重,统计再生苗成穗率和产量贡献率。
3)不同品种实割测产。再生季成熟后,对每个小区进行实割测产,计算各品种再生稻再生季产量。
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图1 不同节位有效穗占比(A)和产量贡献率(B)
Fig.1 Ratio of effective panicle(A) and yield contribution rate(B) of different nodes
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品种 Variety | 节位 Node | 有效穗数 Number of productive tillers | 穗长/cm Panicle length | 每穗粒数 Number of spikelet per panicle | 结实率/% Seed setting rate | 千粒重/g 1 000-grain weight | 产量贡献率/%Yield contribution rate |
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甬优1540 Yongyou 1540 | 倒5节 5th node from top | 10.3±0.8a | 19.4±0.2a | 200.1±4.0a | 80.3±2.1b | 23.1±0.1a | 71.8±1.3a |
倒4节4th node from top | 3.3±0.4b | 16.9±0.3b | 151.3±6.7b | 87.4±2.3a | 22.4±0.1b | 17.7±1.5b | |
倒3节3rd node from top | 2.8±0.5b | 15.8±0.2c | 93.0±4.4c | 84.0±1.3ab | 22.3±0.2b | 9.9±1.0c | |
倒2节2nd node from top | 0.3±0.4c | 13.2±0.4d | 67.0±2.6d | 82.9±1.2ab | 21.8±0.1c | 0.5±0.5d | |
甬优4949 Yongyou 4949 | 倒5节 5th node from top | 10.0±1.2a | 21.5±0.5a | 149.7±4.3a | 85.7±0.8a | 23.2±0.3a | 43.3±2.8a |
倒4节 4th node from top | 7.0±0.4b | 20.5±0.2ab | 134.2±4.1b | 88.2±1.8a | 22.9±0.2a | 29.2±1.7b | |
倒3节 3rd node from top | 6.0±0.5b | 19.8±0.3bc | 122.5±4.4c | 87.4±1.8a | 22.8±0.3a | 21.3±1.6c | |
倒2节 2nd node from top | 1.8±1.0c | 19.2±0.3c | 108.1±4.6d | 85.8±3.3a | 22.7±0.2a | 6.2±1.2d | |
隆两优534 Longliangyou 534 | 倒5节 5th node from top | 4.5±0.3b | 18.3±0.1a | 85.1±3.1a | 72.6±1.5b | 24.3±0.2a | 15.9±1.5c |
倒4节 4th node from top | 4.8±0.8b | 16.1±0.2c | 61.5±2.0c | 71.6±1.4b | 23.4±0.1c | 11.5±1.2c | |
倒3节 3rd node from top | 10.5±0.5a | 17.7±0.2ab | 69.1±2.5bc | 82.1±2.7a | 23.9±0.1ab | 31.3±2.4b | |
倒2节 2nd node from top | 13.0±1.3a | 17.4±0.3b | 75.2±2.9b | 81.7±1.8a | 23.7±0.1bc | 41.3±2.9a |
注: 同列数据后不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Note:Different lowercase letters after the same data in the same column indicate significant differences between the treatments (P<0.05).The same as below.
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图2 甬优4949不同时期再生出苗成穗特性
Fig.2 Characteristics of seedling regeneration and panicle formation in different periods of Yongyou 4949
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收割后时间/d Time post harvest | 有效穗数 Number of productive tillers | 穗长/cm Panicle length | 每穗粒数 Number of spikelet per panicle | 结实率/% Seed setting rate | 千粒重/g 1 000-grain weight | 产量贡献率/%Yield contribution rate |
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1~7 | 12.1±0.4a | 21.3±0.1a | 141.7±3.1a | 94.9±0.8a | 23.3±0.1a | 79.2±0.5a |
8~12 | 2.6±0.2b | 19.8±0.2b | 122.5±0.9b | 93.6±1.1b | 23.1±0.2ab | 14.2±0.5b |
>12 | 1.5±0.2b | 17.8±0.1c | 97.7±3.1c | 92.1±0.9c | 22.8±0.1b | 6.6±0.3c |
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品种 Variety | 有效穗数/ (万穗/h Number of productive tillers | 穗长/cm Panicle length | 每穗粒数 Number of spikelet per panicle | 结实率/% Seed setting rate | 千粒重/g 1 000-grain weight | 产量/(kg/h | 增产率/%Yield increase rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甬优1540 | 311.2±13.5b | 18.2±0.1b | 172.2±4.6a | 82.5±1.6ab | 22.8±0.1b | 5 511.0±38.7a | 21.6±0.7a |
甬优4949 | 322.3±12.7b | 20.5±0.1a | 135.1±3.7b | 87.2±1.7a | 23.1±0.1b | 5 314.1±42.4b | 17.3±1.1b |
隆两优534 | 426.1±12.7a | 17.4±0.2c | 73.8±0.6c | 79.4±2.2b | 23.9±0.1a | 4 532.3±39.6c | / |
不同类型水稻品种的再生特性不同,其产量形成与栽培技术要求也存在较大差异。林文雄
本研究结果表明,甬优4949再生稻以头季收割后1~7 d内的再生苗成穗率、有效穗占比和产量贡献率分别为89.1%、74.6%和79.2%,均显著高于收割后8~12 d内和12 d以上的再生苗。收割后1~7 d内出苗成穗的穗长、每穗粒数和结实率也均要显著高于其后期的再生苗。这说明甬优籼粳杂交稻再生季的产量形成主要决定于头季稻收割后1周内的再生出苗成穗。因此,在头季稻后期适期施促芽肥,收割后及时施发苗肥,促进再生芽萌发和发苗,增加再生苗日照时数,有助于提高再生苗成穗率和大穗形成,提高再生稻产量和光能利用率。
再生季产量测定结果显示,甬优籼粳杂交稻品种再生季对籼型杂交稻品种有较大的产量优势,甬优1540和甬优4949两个品种分别增产21.6%和17.3%。考种结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻品种再生苗的穗长和每穗粒数均显著高于籼型杂交稻隆两优534,甬优籼粳杂交稻的穗大粒多为其产量优势形成的最主要原因。
甬优系列籼粳杂交水稻品种近年来在福建、湖北、湖南、浙江等地被广泛用于再生稻栽培,表现出优于一般品种的特征特性和生产效益,具有很好的推广应用前景。本研究结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻的优势再生节位为低节位的倒5节和倒4节,属低节位强再生力型品种,产量形成优势体现在其低节位再生苗的穗大粒多上。因此,针对这一特点,生产上可以提出以促低节位早出苗、促大穗为主攻方向的栽培管理措施,以提高甬优籼粳杂交稻作再生稻种植时再生季的产量,进一步加强甬优系列籼粳杂交稻品种在再生稻栽培上的推广应用。
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