摘要
为研究蛋白质的体外泛素化过程,利用大肠杆菌表达系统异源表达和纯化APPBP1/UBA3 (E1)、UBC12 (E2)、Cullin1-Rbx1 (E3)和Nedd8 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8)蛋白,制备FITC-Cysteine 绿色荧光素标记的泛素Ub(Ubiquitin),构建了SCF泛素连接酶的体外泛素化体系,同时实现快速检测SCF泛素连接酶中Cullin1蛋白的自泛素化修饰。结果表明,建立的体外SCF E3自泛素化活性反应体系具有较高的可操作性和便利性。
SCF复合物(multisubunit SKP1/Cullin1/F-box, SCF)是一种被广泛研究的多亚基E3泛素连接酶,该复合物是最大的一个泛素化连接酶蛋白家族,由SKP1、Cullin1和F-box蛋白组成,这些蛋白质相互连接并执行不同的功能。人类、秀丽隐杆线虫和植物中分别有约70、300和1 000种SCF泛素连接
蛋白质合成和降解之间的平衡对细胞生存和发育至关重
建立体外泛素化修饰检测系统对于研究E3泛素连接酶在生长发育中的分子机制十分重要。然而,由于多亚基SCF E3泛素连接酶的组成比较复杂,获得具有活性的E3复合体组分存在较大困难,迄今为止,多亚基SCF E3泛素连接酶的体外活性检测体系尚不成熟。本研究构建SCF泛素连接酶的体外泛素化体系,实现快速检测SCF泛素连接酶中Cullin1蛋白的自泛素化修饰,旨在为研究E3连接酶的机制提供基础平台。
引物合成和重组质粒测序由武汉擎科生物有限公司完成,dNTP购买于 New England Biolabs公司,用于分子克隆的Pfu和Taq酶由华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室蛋白质团队提
1)镍亲和层析纯化缓冲液。
(1)细胞裂解液: 25 mmol/L Tris (pH 8.0), 150 mmol/L NaCl。
(2)漂洗缓冲液: 25 mmol/L Tris (pH 8.0), 150 mmol/L NaCl, 15 mmol/L Imidazole (pH 8.0)。
(3)洗脱缓冲液: 25 mmol/L Tris (pH 8.0), 250 mmol/L Imidazole (pH 8.0)。
(4)再生缓冲液: 500 mmol/L Imidazole (pH 8.0), 500 mmol/L NaCl。
2)离子交换柱层析与分子筛试剂。
(1)高盐缓冲液A buffer: 25 mmol/L Tris pH 8.0,1mol/L NaCl。
(2)无盐缓冲液B buffer: 25 mmol/L Tris pH 8.0。
3)离子交换柱层析(Source Q10-100)纯化参数。在蛋白纯化仪(AKTA™ pure 25,GE Healthcare)上用A buffer和B buffer交替平衡层析柱,根据蛋白样品体积设置上样体积,将蛋白样品泵入层析柱,随后A buffer流洗15 mL,设置洗脱体积为100 mL,B buffer范围为0~100%,用1.5 mL EP收集蛋白样品并进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析。
4)分子筛(Superdex 200)纯化参数。35 mL 分子筛缓冲液(25 mmol/LTris pH 8.0,200 mmol/L NaCl)平衡分子筛,将蛋白样品浓缩至1 mL后用1 mL注射器加入loop环中。运行蛋白纯化仪的程序,分子筛缓冲液流出7 mL后用1.5 mL EP收集蛋白样品并进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳分析。
利用大肠杆菌表达系统表达与纯化N端融合MSAC 4个氨基酸的Ub,将FITC-Cysteine绿色荧光素标记到Ub泛素链接到融合氨基酸的Cys残基上,泛素化修饰反应过程中FITC-Ub被转移到目标蛋白上,使用荧光扫描仪扫描体外泛素化反应蛋白的SDS-PAGE凝胶,实现对反应后Ub修饰情况的可视化表征。FITC标记Ub的制备方法来自华中农业大学作物遗传改良全国重点实验室蛋白质团队,利用马来亚酰胺-巯基特异性的化学反应,其标记效率高、接近100
蛋白纯化仪(AKTA™ pure 25,GE Healthcare)、低温超高压细胞破碎机(广州聚能生物科技股份有限公司,JN-02)、高速冷冻离心机(贝克曼库尔特公司,Avanti JXN-26)、大容量离心机(美国Beckman Coulter公司、J6-M1)、蛋白垂直电泳仪(Bio-Rad,Mini-PROTEAN)、激光共聚焦成像仪(美国cytiva)。
从-80 ℃冰箱取出BL21(λDE3)加入1 μL重组质粒混匀,冰上孵育30 min,42 ℃热激90 s,加入200 μL复苏液于37 ℃、200 r/min复苏1 h。后接入10 mL具有载体抗性的液体培养基中,培养过夜;第2天将50%的甘油和菌液以1∶1的体积比混合,-80 ℃冻存,保存菌株。剩余菌液按照菌液∶培养基以1∶100 的体积比于37 ℃、200 r/min培养4.0~4.5 h。大肠杆菌培养至OD600=1~1.2时,培养温度调至16 ℃,1 h后加入终浓度为0.2 mmol/L的IPTG,过夜培养14~16 h。
经过IPTG诱导的大肠杆菌3 300 r/min 离心20 min,弃上清保留沉淀,每1 L菌液的沉淀用20~30 mL 细胞裂解液悬浮。用高压细胞破碎仪破碎菌体,重复进行2次。破碎的菌液加入BeckMan高速离心管中,4 ℃ 14 000 r/min离心1 h,取上清。表达的蛋白N端融合6×His标签蛋白,用Ni柱亲和层析对目的蛋白进行初步纯化,随后进一步使用 SourceQ 10-100进行纯化。纯化的蛋白用于体外泛素化反应。
1)Cullin1-Rbx1复合物Nedd8修饰。按照
反应组分Reaction components | 终浓度/(μmol/L)Final concentration |
---|---|
APPBP1/UBA3 | 0.4 |
UBC12 | 2.0 |
Cullin1-Rbx1 | 5.0 |
Nedd8 | 10.0 |
ATP | 5 000 |
MgCl2 | 10 000 |
2) Cullin1-Rbx1复合物泛素化修饰。按照
反应组分Reaction components | 终浓度/(μmol/L)Final concentration |
---|---|
UBA1 | 1 |
UBCH7 | 1 |
N8-Cullin3-Rbx1 | 2 |
FITC-Ub | 4 |
ATP | 5 000 |
MgCl2 | 10 000 |
大肠杆菌表达系统异源表达纯化Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的自泛素化修饰所需的APPBP1/UBA3、UBC12、Cullin1-Rbx1和Nedd8 4种蛋白如

图1 Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的自泛素化修饰所需蛋白的体外表达纯化
Fig.1 In vitro expression and purification of messenger molecule synthase
A、B、C和D 分别是E1(APPBP1/UBA3,APPBP1和UBA3分子质量分别为86 、52 ku)的离子交换层析峰图和 SDS-PAGE 胶图、E2(UBC12,分子质量为21 ku)的离子交换层析峰图和SDS-PAGE 胶图、Nedd8蛋白(分子质量为48.6 ku)的离子交换层析峰图和SDS-PAGE 胶图、Cullin1-Rbx1(Cullin1分子质量为90 ku,Rbx1分子质量为12.3 ku)复合物的分子筛图和SDS-PAGE 胶图。P:大肠杆菌裂解离心的沉淀;S:大肠杆菌裂解离心的上清; Ft:菌液穿流后的样品;W:流洗的杂蛋白;E:洗脱的蛋白样品;R:重悬介质的样品;In:纯化前的蛋白;M:蛋白 marker。A,B,C and D are E1 (APPBP1/UBA3) in ion exchange chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE (The molecular weight of APPBP1/UBA3 was 86/52 ku), E2 (UBC12) in ion exchange chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE (The molecular weight of UBC12 was 21 ku), Nedd8 protein in ion exchange chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE (The molecular weight of Nedd8 was 48.6 ku), Cullin1-Rbx1 in size exclusion chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE (The molecular weight of Cullin1-Rbx1 was 102.3 ku), respectively.P represents the precipitate after lysis of Escherichia coli; S represents the supernatant obtained after lysis of E. coli; Ft represents the sample after bacterial liquid flow through; W represents the sample obtained when eluting impurity proteins; E represents the eluted protein sample; R indicates samples in resuspended medium;In indicates samples before purification; M indicates protein marker.
Cullin1-Rbx1复合物功能的活化需要其核心亚基Cullin1发生Neddylation修饰,Cullin1蛋白C端保守的赖氨酸位点被类泛素小分子Nedd8修饰,从而改变Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的构象并激活其泛素连接酶的活性。反应体系中加入Cullin1-Rbx1复合物、E1(APPBP1/UBA3)、E2(UBC12)、Nedd8蛋白以及ATP、MgCl2,室温反应30 min。其SDS-PAGE结果显示,Cullin1-Rbx1复合物中的Cullin1蛋白被Nedd8修饰,被修饰的Cullin1-Rbx1复合物经过阴离子交换层析(Source Q 10-100)和分子筛(Superdex 200)纯化后得到蛋白性质稳定、纯度较高的Nedd8修饰Cullin1-Rbx1复合物。

图2 Neddylation修饰的Cullin1-Rbx1复合物纯化
Fig.2 Purification of Neddylation modified Cullin1-Rbx1 complex
A:Neddylation修饰的Cullin1-Rbx1复合物纯化的离子交换层析峰图和SDS-PAGE 胶图(Cullin1-Rbx1复合物分子质量为138.6 ku),B: Neddylation修饰的Cullin1-Rbx1复合物纯化的分子筛峰图和SDS-PAGE 胶图;In:纯化前的蛋白;M:蛋白 marker。A:Neddylation modified Cullin1-Rbx1 complex in ion exchange chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE gel image (The molecular weight of Neddylation modified Cullin1-Rbx1 was 138.6 ku);B:Neddylation modified Cullin1-Rbx1 complex in size exclusion chromatography peak image and SDS PAGE; In indicates samples before purification ;M indicates protein marker.

图3 Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的自泛素化修饰
Fig.3 Self-ubiquitination modification of the Cullin1-Rbx1 complex
上图为Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的自泛素化修饰的SDS-PAGE胶图(N8-Cullin1-Rbx1-Ub分子质量为147.2 ku),下图为Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的自泛素化修饰的荧光扫描图;M:蛋白 marker。Self-ubiquitination of the Cullin1-Rbx1 complex in SDS-PAGE (illustrated above); Self-ubiquitination of the Cullin1-Rbx1 complex in immunofluorescence (image below); M indicates protein marker.
为了实现对N8-Cullin1-Rbx1复合物自泛素化修饰的可视化表征,反应体系中使用FITC标记的Ub。SDS-PAGE凝胶考马斯亮蓝染色结果以及激光共聚焦成像仪扫描的SDS-PAGE凝胶荧光图显示,随着反应时间延长,反应体系中N8-Cullin1-Rbx1复合物的单泛素化水平显著升高,而阴性对照组(CK组,反应体系中未加ATP,反应90 min)却没有被泛素化修饰的现象。表明本研究在体外成功构建了SCF泛素连接酶中的Cullin1蛋白的自泛素化体系。
蛋白质泛素化修饰需要E1、E2和E3的协同作用,且反应过程较为复杂。现有研究体外泛素化过程的方法主要是使用Western blot的方法检测蛋白质的泛素化修饰,该方法使用Ub抗体检测修饰在蛋白质上的Ub。然而,Western blot检测周期长、操作过程复
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