摘要
为探究外膜蛋白A(outer membrane protein A,OmpA)对米尔伊丽莎白菌致病作用的影响,以蛙源米尔伊丽莎白菌FL160902为研究对象,通过同源重组法构建OmpA缺失株△ompA,比较缺失株和野生株的生长特性、生物膜形成能力、抗血清杀伤能力、对细胞的黏附能力以及对蛙的致病性差异。结果显示:△ompA的生长能力和抗血清杀伤能力与野生株无显著差异;但与野生株相比,△ompA的生物膜形成能力增加了66%,△ompA对bEnd.3细胞的黏附能力降低了61%;黑斑蛙感染试验显示,△ompA在黑斑蛙血液、脾和脑组织中的载菌量分别为(3.15×1
牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)、棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)、黑斑蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata)等蛙类在我国分布比较广泛,因其肉质鲜美、营养丰富、经济价值高,我国于20世纪80年代开始了人工养
米尔伊丽莎白菌是一种革兰氏阴性短杆菌,隶属于黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)、威克斯氏菌科(Weeksellaceae)、伊丽莎白菌属(Elizabethkingia
外膜蛋白A(outer membrane protein A, OmpA)是革兰氏阴性菌外膜蛋白的重要组成成分,参与维持细菌结构的完整
米尔伊丽莎白菌FL160902株为本研究所用野生型菌株(wild type strain,WT
细菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒、质粒中提试剂盒购自康为世纪生物科技有限公司;PCR产物回收试剂盒购自美国Omage公司;2×A8 FastHiFi PCR MasterMix购自北京艾德莱生物科技有限公司;限制性内切酶SacⅠ、XbaⅠ和DNA marker均购自宝生物工程(大连)有限公司;Uniclone One Step Seamless Cloning Kit购自北京金沙生物科技有限公司;胎牛血清(FBS)和DMEM培养基购自Gibco公司;氨苄青霉素(Amp)、壮观霉素(Spc)、氯霉素(Cm),均购自Biosharp公司;脑心浸液培养基(BHI)购自美国OXOID公司;琼脂粉购自德国Biofroxx公司。引物(
引物名称Primers | 序列(5'-3') Sequence |
---|---|
ompA-left-F | CATGAATTCCCGGGAGAGCTCCATTCCGGTTGCAGCTGTT |
ompA-left-R | CAGAAGACGGCATACGAACTCCTGAGCTGTTGATAC |
ompA-right-F | AGAGTAGGGAACTGCCAGGCGAAGAACAGAAGGGTAG |
ompA-right-R | CGATCCCAAGCTTCTTCTAGAATCAAATCCTGGGAACTGC |
ompA-F | GTTTCCTTACCTGAATCCG |
ompA-R | GCAGCCAAAGGATTATCC |
ompA-check-F | TCTGAACGATATATGCC |
ompA-check-R | GAAATCGGTATAGCAACG |
Spc-F | TTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTG |
Spc-R | CTGGCAGTTCCCTACTCT |
ureG-F | TCTGGAAAACGTGCTGCTAA |
ureG-R | TGTGGGTTCTGGTAAAACTGC |
PNGase F-F | GACAGGATCTGGGTCTGGTA |
PNGase F-R | CTTTGGCTGCTTCCTTCC |
参照文献[
将野生株和△ompA接种于BHI液体培养基中,37 ℃ 200 r/min震荡培养过夜,调整各菌液OD600为0.8左右,菌液以1∶100接种至BHI液体培养基,涡旋混匀细菌悬浮液,取200 μL细菌悬浮液加入到灭菌的96孔板中,用微生物生长曲线全自动检测系统FLUOstar Omega测定,设置程序:温度37 ℃,连续振荡,每1 h测定1次OD600,连续培养24 h。每个样品3个平行,试验独立重复3次。
参照文献[
参照文献[
参照文献[
试验所用黑斑蛙购自湖北省潜江市黑斑蛙养殖基地,黑斑蛙个体质量为(30±0.5) g,暂养于华中农业大学淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心。暂养1周后开始人工感染试验,用野生株和△ompA感染黑斑蛙后,分别测定黑斑蛙的组织载菌量和存活率。组织载菌量测定试验共3组,分别为野生株组、△ompA组和对照组PBS组,每组15只蛙,攻毒途径为下肢肌肉注射,攻毒所用各菌液浓度均为1×1
如

图1 缺失株△ompA的PCR鉴定
Fig.1 Identification of the ompA mutant strain by PCR
M:DL2 000 DNA marker;1、3、5、7:缺失株扩增产物;2、4、6、8:野生株扩增产物;1~2:ompA基因内部引物ompA-F/R验证;3~4:Spc基因引物Spc-F/R验证;5~6:ompA基因外部引物ompA-check-F/R验证;7~8:米尔伊丽莎白菌双重PCR鉴定。M:DL2 000 DNA marker; 1, 3, 5, 7:Amplified products of the mutant; 2, 4, 6, 8:Amplified products of wild-type strain; 1-2:Primers of ompA-F/R; 3-4:Primers of Spc-F/R; 5-6:Primers of ompA-check-F/R; 7-8: Primers of duplex PCR of E. miricola.
如

图2 野生株和缺失株△ompA的生长曲线
Fig.2 Growth curve of the wild-type strain and mutant strain ΔompA
通过结晶紫染色法测定米尔伊丽莎白菌生物膜的形成量,OD值代表乙醇脱色液的吸光值,OD值越高,表明被结晶紫染色的生物膜含量越高。由

图3 野生株和缺失株△ompA的生物膜形成能力
Fig.3 Biofilm formation capacities of the wild-type strain and mutant strain △ompA
***:P<0.001.
如

图4 野生株和缺失株△ompA在50%血清中的存活能力
Fig.4 Survival rate of the wild-type strain and mutant strain △ompA in 50% serum
如

图5 野生株和缺失株△ompA黏附bEnd.3细胞能力
Fig.5 Adherence abilities of the wild-type strain and mutant strain △ompA
**:P<0.01.
用野生株和△ompA感染黑斑蛙,检测黑斑蛙的组织载菌量和存活率。结果如

图6 感染后黑斑蛙血液(A)、脾(B)和脑组织(C)中载菌量
Fig.6 Bacterial loads in blood (A), spleen (B) and brain (C) of infected frogs
*:P<0.05;**:P<0.01;***:P<0.001.

图7 黑斑蛙感染野生株和缺失株△ompA后的存活率
Fig.7 Survival rate of frogs infected with the wild-type strain and mutant strain △ompA
*:P<0.05.
本研究成功构建了蛙源米尔伊丽莎白菌OmpA缺失株△ompA,并基于此初步探究了OmpA在米尔伊丽莎白菌致病性中的功能。我们发现OmpA不影响米尔伊丽莎白菌的生长特性,排除菌株生长特性差异对后续OmpA致病功能研究结果的影响。
米尔伊丽莎白菌能形成生物膜,附着在基质的表面,帮助细菌抵抗抗菌药物和宿主免疫杀伤,是该菌存活力和致病性的重要体
米尔伊丽莎白菌黏附宿主细胞是引发感染的第一步,也是该菌定殖机体,从而发挥其致病作用的前
我们通过黑斑蛙感染模型进一步评估了OmpA对米尔伊丽莎白菌致病力的影响。结果显示,野生株和△ompA感染黑斑蛙后,△ompA在黑斑蛙血液、脾、脑组织中的载菌量较野生株显著下降,且△ompA对黑斑蛙的致死率显著低于野生株,这表明在米尔伊丽莎白菌致病过程中,ompA基因缺失降低了该菌在宿主体内的定殖能力,导致该菌致病性减弱。本研究结果与副溶血弧菌中OmpA的研究结果类似,在副溶血弧菌中,ompA基因缺失株在小鼠各脏器中的定殖能力下降,且对小鼠的致死率显著降
综上,本研究初步探究了OmpA在米尔伊丽莎白菌致病性中的功能,发现OmpA负调控米尔伊丽莎白菌的生物膜形成,不改变细菌的抗血清杀伤能力,但是参与调控了细菌的黏附能力,影响了其致病性,表明OmpA为米尔伊丽莎白菌重要的毒力因子,这是目前该菌中首个被验证的毒力因子,本研究结果可为米尔伊丽莎白菌致病机制的研究及“歪头病”防控策略的制定提供新的思路。
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