摘要
为解析马铃薯应对干旱胁迫的响应机制,采用Illumina Novaseq测序技术,对干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片中的内生细菌16S rRNA进行高通量测序,研究干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌组成及多样性的变化。结果显示,在正常浇水和干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片分别获得1 548和2 006条分类序列,其中正常浇水下特有OTU有287个,干旱处理下特有OTU有769个。在干旱胁迫下,内共生菌 candidatus Portiera和杀雄菌属Arsenophonus的丰度较正常浇水下减低了95.9%和68.1%, 拟杆菌门Muribaculaceae拟杆菌目Bacteroidales、毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、毛螺菌科NK4A136群(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)、链球菌属(Streptococcus)、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)在干旱处理较正常浇水下分别提高了203.8%、152.4%、81.8%、89.7%、285.6%、1 428.0%、112.0%和148.4%;Shannon指数和Simpson指数均在干旱胁迫下显著高于正常浇水处理,ACE 指数和Chao1指数在干旱胁迫和正常浇水下无显著差异。结果表明,干旱胁迫能影响马铃薯内生细菌群落结构组成,干旱胁迫下富集了内生优势菌门放线菌门和厚壁菌门,同时伯克霍尔德氏科细菌相对丰度增加,可能是马铃薯应对干旱胁迫作出的积极响应。
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)是重要的粮菜兼用作物,其产量位居世界第四,仅次于稻米、小麦和玉米,是全球最便宜、最容易获得的蛋白质、必需氨基酸、碳水化合物、矿物质、抗氧化剂和维生素的来
迄今为止,为缓解干旱胁迫对植物生长和产量造成的影响,研究人员已经通过各种途径培育耐旱品种,常规育种和基因工程方法被用于创制耐旱和高产品种。然而,传统育种要耗费大量的人力物力以及时间,甚至可能会丢失其他的有益性状;利用基因工程育种在理论上速度会更快,但是研究转基因作物同样也面临着时间和劳动力的挑战。此外,由于消费者对转基因植物的产品存在芥蒂,不能保证转基因食品会在市场获得成功。植物-微生物的相互作用可以影响植物对干旱胁迫的反
植物内生细菌存在于其根、叶和茎等组织
本研究采用温室盆栽法,土壤为云南农业大学后山试验田的红壤土,盆栽所用塑料花盆高23 cm,外径30 cm,底部有孔,装土前在花盆底部铺合适大小的纱布,以防土壤从底部的孔流失和害虫进入土壤内对根系造成危害。将花盆内的土浇水至土壤饱和含水量,即开始播种。选取发育良好、芽体饱满、大小基本一致、具有1个顶芽种薯薯块种植在塑料盆内,每盆定植1株,每个处理3次重复,播种前将马铃薯种薯表面用无菌水冲洗干净,用1%的次氯酸钠溶液消毒10 min,70%的乙醇浸泡30 s后立刻除去乙醇,无菌水冲洗5次,避光晒干后播
以土壤水分占最大持水量的75%~80%为正常浇水对照组(CK),以土壤水分占最大持水量的40%~45%为干旱胁迫处理(D
马铃薯块茎形成期进行取样,取健康马铃薯植株顶叶下完全展开的第4片复叶。
将采集的样品用流水冲洗1~2 h,无菌滤纸擦干样品表面的水分,然后用无菌水漂洗3次,75%乙醇浸泡1 min,无菌水漂洗3次,3% NaClO溶液浸泡1 min,无菌水漂洗3次,75%乙醇中浸泡30 s,无菌水漂洗3
样品总基因组DNA提取根据PowerSoil DNA分离试剂盒(MO BIO Laboratories)操作流程进行。选用通用引物338F(5'-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3')和806R(5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3')扩增16S rRNA V3~V4区,PCR扩增和后续分析在Illumina Novaseq 测序平台上进行。
由
分组情况 Group information | 有效条带/条 Effective tags | OTU数 Number of OTUs | 不同分类阶元归类数量 Number of different taxonomic rank | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
门 Plylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family | 属 Genus | 种 Species | |||
CK | 438 081±19 626.51a | 1 548±227.59a | 26±0.58b | 62±6.14a | 157±11.02a | 273±21.51b | 553±49.00a | 611±58.59a |
D | 397 772±21 909.64a | 2 006±337.20a | 30±2.08a | 72±5.13a | 181±12.66a | 340±30.66a | 653±64.83a | 730±81.35a |
注: 表中不同小写字母表示处理间在 0.05 水平差异显著。下同。Note:Different letters in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 level among treatments.The same as below.
由

图1 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌在门水平上的组成情况
Fig. 1 Composition of endophytic bacteria in potato leaves under drought stress at the phylum level
在纲水平上(

图2 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌在纲水平上的组成情况
Fig. 2 Composition of endophytic bacteria in potato leaves at the class level under drought stress
在目水平上 (

图3 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌在目水平上的组成情况
Fig. 3 Composition of endophytic bacteria in potato leaves at the order level under drought stress
在科水平上(

图4 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌在科水平上的组成情况
Fig.4 Composition of endophytic bacteria in potato leaves at the family level under drought stress
在属水平上(

图5 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片内生细菌在属水平上的组成情况
Fig.5 Composition of endophytic bacteria in potato leaves at the genus level under drought stress
Alpha多样性是指特定生境或者特定生态系统内的物种多样性情况,由
分组情况 Group information | 观测值 Observed species | 香农指数 Shannon index | 辛普森指数 Simpson index | Chao1指数 Chao1 index | Ace指数 Ace index | 测序深度 Goods coverage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 1 548.33±227.59a | 4.36±0.95b | 0.60±0.11b | 2 136.65±128.16a | 2 938.40±310.13a | 0.999 2±0.0a |
D | 2 006.00±337.20a | 9.72±0.26a | 1.00±0.00a | 2 274.90±237.89a | 2 670.29±292.71a | 0.999 5±0.0a |
由

图6 样本稀释性曲线
Fig.6 Rarefaction curve sampled
由

图7 UPGMA聚类分析
Fig.7 UPGMA cluster analysis
由

图8 干旱胁迫下马铃薯叶片细菌在属水平组间方差分析
Fig.8 Variance analysis of leaf bacteria at genus level in potato under drought stress
柱子上*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01,***表示P<0.001。* on the column represents P <0.05, ** represent P <0.01,*** represent P<0.001.
本研究结果表明,干旱胁迫能影响马铃薯内生细菌群落组成结构,干旱胁迫下富集了马铃薯内生细菌优势菌门放线菌门和厚壁菌门,同时伯克霍尔德氏科细菌相对丰度增加,可能是马铃薯应对干旱胁迫作出的积极响应。植物内生菌能够从植物的渗透调节物质、抗氧化系统、干旱相关基因、生理指标和激素平衡等方面来调节干旱胁迫下植物组织活性氧(ROS)毒害和渗透平衡,从而缓解干旱胁迫对植物的伤害,使植物在缺水环境下也能生
伯克霍尔德氏菌 PsJN(Burkholderia pltofians)PsJN是从洋葱根部分离出的一种内生细菌,在提高宿主植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性中发挥着重要作用。Yang
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