摘要
为探明不同施氮水平与缩节胺对棉花光合特性及产量的互作效应,以“新陆中88号”为试材,采用双因素裂区试验设计,设置320(N1)、480 kg/h
棉花是新疆主要的经济作物,2021年种植面积达250.61 万h
缩节胺是一种抑制性季铵盐类植物生长调节剂,通过抑制赤霉素(GA)的合成缩短植株节间长度,使株型紧凑,防止植物旺
本试验于2021年4-10月在新疆阿瓦提县农科院试验基地(E79°45′~E81°05′,N39°31′~40°50′)进行,该区年平均降水量为46.4 mm,日照时间长,蒸发量大,属温带大陆性干旱气候。试验开展区土壤质地为砂壤土,播前测定小区土壤基础肥力见
土壤深度/cm Soil depth | 全氮/(g/kg) Total nitrogen | 有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter | 水解性氮/(mg/kg) Hydrolyzable nitrogen | 速效磷/(mg/kg) Available P | 速效钾/(mg/kg) Available K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~10 | 0.42 | 8.26 | 35.0 | 26.3 | 83 |
10~20 | 0.49 | 7.65 | 66.4 | 32.9 | 89 |
20~30 | 0.46 | 7.08 | 44.4 | 32.0 | 87 |
30~40 | 0.30 | 5.90 | 40.6 | 16.6 | 103 |
40~50 | 0.24 | 4.24 | 35.0 | 7.3 | 138 |
50~60 | 0.25 | 4.06 | 51.7 | 26.6 | 145 |
供试品种为“新陆中88号”,由新疆农业科学院提供,氮肥为尿素(N≥46%),试验采用双因素裂区试验设计,以施氮量为主区,分别设置320 kg/h
处理 Treatment | 基肥 Base fertilizer | 追肥日期Rations of topdressing date(month/day) | 总量 Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
06/16 | 06/24 | 07/01 | 07/08 | 07/16 | 07/24 | 08/01 | 08/08 | 08/18 | |||
N1 | 64 | 16 | 32 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 320 |
N2 | 96 | 24 | 48 | 24 | 48 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 24 | 24 | 480 |
处理 Treatment | 喷施日期 Spraying date (month/day) | 总量 Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
06/21 | 07/05 | 07/17 | 07/23 | ||
F1 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 15.0 | 40.0 | 67.0 |
F2 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 30.0 | 100.0 | 150.0 |
F3 | 12.0 | 28.5 | 60.0 | 160.0 | 260.5 |
F4 | 16.0 | 45.0 | 90.0 | 220.0 | 371.0 |
1)光合参数。利用英国Hansatech公司生产的TPS-2光合仪,在棉花盛蕾期、初花期、盛花期、盛铃前期、盛铃后期、吐絮期(即出苗后第48、67、78、100、114、140天)测定棉花主茎倒四叶的净光合速率(Pn)及蒸腾速率(Tr),每个小区测定3片叶,重复3次,在晴朗无风天气的11:00-13:00时段内测定。
2)棉花地上部干物质积累量。在棉花盛蕾期、初花期、盛花期、盛铃前期、盛铃后期、吐絮期各处理小区选取长势一致具有代表性的6株棉花,将营养器官(茎、叶)和生殖器官(蕾、花、铃)分开,放入电热恒温鼓风干燥箱105 ℃杀青30 min后,温度调至80 ℃烘干至恒质量,测定其干物质质量,并用Logistic 方程进行拟合。
3)植株氮素。将棉花盛蕾期、初花期、盛花期、盛铃前期、盛铃后期、吐絮期烘干的棉株分为营养器官和生殖器官两部分粉碎,用H2SO4-H2O2消煮后采用奈氏比色法测定植株不同部位全氮含量,则:氮素吸收量(kg/h
4)产量及其构成因素。各处理达吐絮标准后,每小区选取6.67
1) 氮肥与缩节胺对棉花净光合速率的影响。如
处理 Treatment | 盛蕾期 B | 初花期 PF | 盛花期 FF | 盛铃前期 FB | 盛铃后期 LFB | 吐絮期 BO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | F1 | 31.22±0.15a | 32.93±1.75ab | 34.48±2.54a | 36.26±1.14ab | 22.66±2.47ab | 13.81±0.20ab |
F2 | 28.56±2.51a | 33.13±1.38ab | 36.48±0.26a | 34.40±0.70b | 25.22±1.42a | 17.40±4.36ab | |
F3 | 30.41±2.71a | 33.61±2.25ab | 35.14±1.51a | 35.00±1.90b | 25.73±1.93a | 20.53±7.53a | |
F4 | 28.50±5.07a | 34.63±1.50a | 34.60±1.55a | 29.02±0.05c | 18.34±4.90b | 15.68±0.64ab | |
N2 | F1 | 28.40±1.73a | 32.54±1.17ab | 33.04±2.62a | 34.12±1.58b | 22.39±4.87ab | 13.42±2.53b |
F2 | 30.14±2.62a | 30.68±0.89b | 33.19±3.77a | 36.34±0.49ab | 23.67±0.63a | 10.77±2.42b | |
F3 | 29.32±0.72a | 32.08±2.05ab | 34.04±3.75a | 37.57±2.28a | 26.14±0.88a | 16.89±1.55ab | |
F4 | 26.94±1.69a | 33.32±2.19ab | 36.93±1.96a | 31.00±1.02c | 23.64±0.54a | 16.31±3.02ab | |
N | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
F | NS | NS | NS | ** | * | NS | |
N×F | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | NS |
注: B:盛蕾;PF:初花;FF:盛花;FB:盛铃前期;LFB:盛铃后期;BO:吐絮。同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在α=0.05水平显著;*和**分别表示在α=0.05和α=0.01水平显著;NS表示不显著。表5、表7同。Note:B:Full bud;PF:Prelim flower period;FF:Full flower period;FB:Before full boll;LFB:After full boll;BO:Boll opening period. Different lowercase letters in same column indicate significant differences between different treatments at α=0.05 level; * and ** indicate significant at α=0.05 and α=0.01 levels, respectively; NS means no significant. The same as Table 5 and Table 7.
2)氮肥与缩节胺对棉花蒸腾速率的影响。如
处理 Treatment | 盛蕾期 B | 初花期 PF | 盛花期 FF | 盛铃前期 FB | 盛铃后期 LFB | 吐絮期 BO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | F1 | 7.94±0.25bc | 7.88±0.33ab | 5.15±0.39a | 6.30±0.63abc | 6.02±0.77a | 6.44±0.30ab |
F2 | 6.81±0.52c | 5.71±0.42c | 4.99±0.16ab | 5.50±0.02bc | 6.50±1.05a | 6.88±1.82ab | |
F3 | 8.66±0.80ab | 7.86±1.05ab | 4.26±0.50bc | 6.30±0.70abc | 6.46±0.82a | 7.26±2.30ab | |
F4 | 8.10±0.58b | 8.64±0.80ab | 4.39±0.62abc | 5.18±0.55c | 4.75±0.48a | 7.65±1.13a | |
N2 | F1 | 8.53±0.60ab | 9.03±0.90a | 3.83±0.30c | 6.72±0.45ab | 6.70±1.42a | 6.91±1.00ab |
F2 | 8.31±0.71ab | 7.48±0.32b | 4.44±0.58abc | 6.74±1.17ab | 6.70±1.08a | 4.96±0.40b | |
F3 | 7.83±0.94bc | 7.98±0.85ab | 4.60±0.41abc | 7.25±0.26a | 5.92±0.45a | 6.26±1.40ab | |
F4 | 9.35±0.64a | 7.79±0.83ab | 4.08±0.45c | 5.42±0.87c | 6.19±2.37a | 6.27±0.69ab | |
N | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
F | NS | ** | NS | ** | NS | NS | |
N×F | NS | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
如

图 1 不同生育时期各处理棉花干物质积累和分布
Fig.1 Dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution in cotton in different growth periods
B:盛蕾;PF:初花;FF:盛花;FB:盛铃前期;LFB:盛铃后期;BO:吐絮。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异在0.05水平显著。 B:Full bud;PF:Prelim flower period;FF:Full flower period;FB:Before Full boll;LFB:After Full boll;BO:Opening boll period.Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences between different treatments at 0.05 level.
进一步通过Logistic方程对干物质积累进行拟合(
处理 Treatment | 方程 Equation | t0/d | t1/d | t2/d | △t/d | Vm/(g/d) | GT/g | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | F1 |
y=124.2670/(1+ | 81 | 68 | 94 | 26 | 3.12 | 81.83 |
0.973 |
F2 |
y=109.0854/(1+ | 78 | 60 | 96 | 35 | 2.05 | 71.83 |
0.974 | |
F3 |
y=118.8236/(1+ | 83 | 65 | 102 | 36 | 2.15 | 78.25 |
0.995 | |
F4 |
y=104.6324/(1+ | 75 | 56 | 95 | 38 | 1.79 | 68.90 |
0.932 | |
N2 | F1 |
y=123.4907/(1+ | 78 | 66 | 89 | 23 | 3.55 | 81.32 |
0.971 |
F2 |
y=102.7609/(1+ | 77 | 62 | 93 | 31 | 2.19 | 67.67 |
0.985 | |
F3 |
y=121.7496/(1+ | 84 | 63 | 105 | 42 | 1.89 | 80.17 |
0.979 | |
F4 |
y=101.6080/(1+ | 76 | 62 | 90 | 28 | 2.42 | 66.91 |
0.976 |
注: y:干物质积累量,g;t:出苗后时间,d;Vm:干物质积累最大速率,g/d;t0:干物质积累最大速率出现的时间,d;t1:干物质快速积累期起始时间,d;t2:干物质快速积累期结束时间,d;Δt:干物质快速积累持续时间,d;GT:生长特征值,表示干物质积累量已达到最大积累量的65.8%,g;
如
氮素积累量 Accumulation of nitrogen | 处理 Treatment | 盛蕾期 B | 初花期 PF | 盛花期 FF | 盛铃前期 FB | 盛铃后期 LFB | 吐絮 BO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量 Total | N1 | F1 | 34.72±4.60abc | 79.79±20.08ab | 110.08±40.90ab | 189.00±45.76abc | 168.21±10.04bc | 144.51±6.56a |
F2 | 35.63±6.09abc | 97.71±29.69a | 147.97±51.02a | 196.06±49.12ab | 154.83±1.31cd | 121.70±7.20ab | ||
F3 | 39.22±8.05ab | 68.48±5.68ab | 102.36±3.53ab | 126.96±28.60d | 181.54±15.93b | 137.92±11.63ab | ||
F4 | 31.60±1.09bcd | 64.21±1.10b | 90.14±15.41b | 158.90±10.63bcd | 151.07±13.30cde | 118.25±1.93ab | ||
N2 | F1 | 22.75±4.53d | 77.01±20.67ab | 149.75±29.85a | 231.62±30.47a | 200.90±9.32a | 121.15±30.63ab | |
F2 | 28.03±5.86cd | 79.95±10.85ab | 125.72±30.19ab | 183.79±17.50abc | 146.23±4.47de | 108.34±24.61b | ||
F3 | 42.87±4.77a | 94.32±6.32ab | 91.00±6.88b | 155.53±7.85bcd | 151.87±6.87cde | 118.25±17.92ab | ||
F4 | 31.90±7.23bcd | 99.21±11.02a | 91.10±12.89b | 138.61±11.70cd | 136.65±4.41e | 112.00±4.19b | ||
N | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
F | * | NS | NS | ** | ** | NS | ||
N×F | NS | * | NS | NS | ** | NS | ||
营养器官 Vegetative organs | N1 | F1 | 33.61±4.68abc | 73.80±19.17ab | 97.48±39.51abc | 109.06±24.94b | 80.27±9.98b | 43.45±6.32a |
F2 | 34.62±6.33abc | 85.90±29.24a | 122.80±39.51ab | 107.54±45.25b | 65.24±1.84bc | 31.95±2.30b | ||
F3 | 38.04±7.14ab | 62.51±6.07ab | 78.82±3.26bc | 37.23±5.71c | 76.35±17.85bc | 24.73±9.10bcd | ||
F4 | 30.43±0.96bcd | 45.54±0.97b | 68.92±12.79c | 86.49±6.11b | 71.76±12.81bc | 15.13±2.53d | ||
N2 | F1 | 21.75±4.71d | 68.46±18.91ab | 127.92±22.89a | 163.81±31.26a | 122.63±10.08a | 31.63±5.48b | |
F2 | 26.79±5.74cd | 71.49±10.46ab | 100.85±24.46abc | 114.78±18.24b | 67.04±5.02bc | 18.67±4.78cd | ||
F3 | 41.39±4.82a | 82.16±5.83a | 74.82±6.64c | 82.52±7.94b | 67.96±8.59bc | 17.24±3.29d | ||
F4 | 31.22±7.23abcd | 84.98±7.89a | 75.98±12.76c | 73.49±12.36bc | 57.38±5.44c | 27.38±3.70bc | ||
N | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
F | * | NS | * | ** | ** | ** | ||
N×F | NS | * | NS | NS | ** | ** | ||
生殖器官 Reproductive organs | N1 | F1 | 1.11±0.77a | 5.98±1.02c | 12.60±1.51b | 79.94±22.06ab | 87.94±1.78b | 100.06±0.43ab |
F2 | 1.01±0.42a | 11.81±1.43b | 25.18±11.76a | 88.51±80.4a | 89.59±0.55b | 89.75±8.21ab | ||
F3 | 1.18±0.91a | 5.97±0.86c | 23.54±2.43ab | 89.73±23.00a | 105.19±1.92a | 113.19±2.78a | ||
F4 | 1.17±0.53a | 18.67±0.31a | 21.22±4.19ab | 72.41±5.27ab | 79.30±0.85d | 103.12±0.61ab | ||
N2 | F1 | 0.99±0.53a | 8.54±2.59c | 21.83±6.97ab | 67.81±0.99ab | 78.27±0.97d | 89.52±26.17ab | |
F2 | 1.24±0.22a | 8.47±0.64c | 24.88±8.42a | 69.01±0.75ab | 79.19±1.00d | 89.67±21.90ab | ||
F3 | 1.48±0.06a | 12.16±1.26b | 16.19±0.33ab | 73.01±2.88ab | 83.90±1.73c | 101.00±14.69ab | ||
F4 | 0.68±0.01a | 14.23±3.57b | 15.12±3.27ab | 65.11±4.42b | 79.27±1.07d | 84.62±2.04b | ||
N | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | ||
F | NS | ** | NS | NS | ** | * | ||
N×F | NS | ** | NS | NS | ** | NS |
如
处理 Treatment | 株数/(1 Number of cotton | 单株结铃数 Boll number per plant | 单铃质量/ g Boll weight | 衣分/% Lint percentage | 皮棉产量/(kg/h Lint yield | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N1 | F1 | 16.40±0.02a | 5.73±0.48c | 4.96±0.02b | 43.71±1.12ab | 2 041.00±213.28c |
F2 | 16.42±0.01a | 7.57±0.10a | 5.15±0.15ab | 43.71±1.12ab | 2 795.14±153.93a | |
F3 | 16.40±0.02a | 7.27±0.05ab | 5.39±0.08a | 43.61±0.69b | 2 803.32±19.67a | |
F4 | 16.41±0.00a | 6.61±0.52b | 5.19±0.10ab | 45.16±0.64a | 2 540.32±168.98ab | |
N2 | F1 | 16.43±0.02a | 5.75±0.19c | 5.17±0.15ab | 43.24±0.34b | 2 113.02±124.23c |
F2 | 16.42±0.02a | 6.63±0.66b | 5.14±0.11ab | 43.47±0.39b | 2 425.13±169.14b | |
F3 | 16.42±0.02a | 6.60±0.59b | 5.20±0.24ab | 43.96±1.06ab | 2 472.27±97.13b | |
F4 | 16.42±0.02a | 6.53±0.63bc | 5.12±0.08ab | 44.50±0.59ab | 2 443.27±255.06b | |
N | NS | NS | NS | NS | * | |
F | NS | ** | * | * | ** | |
N×F | NS | NS | NS | NS | * |
作物的群体光合能力是产量形成的重要基础,施肥化控技术对作物群体光合能力产生重要影
干物质积累与分配直接影响作物的生长与发育,进而影响作物产量。本试验结果表明,氮素积累的变化规律与干物质积累与分配相同,这与李春艳
田雨
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