摘要
以3个草石蚕(Stachys sieboldii Miq.)品种为试材,研究水涝胁迫对草石蚕生理特性的影响,并通过相关性和主成分分析,对草石蚕的抗涝性进行评价,以期为草石蚕抗涝性鉴定提供参考。结果显示,随水涝胁迫时间延长,3种草石蚕叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升高后降低的变化;“鲁引1号”和“赣引1号”的脯氨酸(Pro)含量先升高后降低,“贵栽1号”Pro含量则一直升高;“鲁引1号”和“贵栽1号”的SOD活性先升高后降低,“赣引1号”则一直升高;随胁迫时间的延长,3种草石蚕的MDA含量均一直增加。相关性分析发现草石蚕的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、Pro含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量间具有密切的相关性,但相关程度不一致。基于主成分分析的抗涝性综合评价,3种草石蚕的抗涝性为赣引1号>鲁引1号>贵栽1号。
水分是影响植物生长的重要环境因子之一,水分过多可降低土壤中O2 溶解度,形成缺氧或无氧的根系环境而危害植
草石蚕(Stachys sieboldii Miq.)是唇形科水苏属多年生草本作物,也是一种以地下茎为食用部分的特色蔬菜,富含水苏糖、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素等,营养价值丰富,有补血、强身、清热解毒、治咳嗽等功
试验在贵州大学农学院教学实验基地大棚内进行,每个小区2畦,畦面宽100 cm,每畦种植2行,株距40 cm。常规管理,待6-7月份(旺盛生长期,且为雨季时期)时进行水涝处理(在做畦前先将土挖出铺上塑料膜后再填上,进行水涝处理时向小区人工放水,使水淹过土壤表面,保证土壤中的水分一直处于饱和状态),胁迫1、3、5、7 d后,分别测定各品种的相关生理指标,以正常浇水管理的草石蚕为对照,每个小区面积为10
样品叶采用95%乙醇-丙酮混合液浸泡、提取,测定叶绿素含
对3个品种草石蚕的叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、Pro含量、SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性、MDA含量等数据进行标准化处理后,采用SPSS 22.0进行主成分分析,依据其特征值和贡献率等,计算草石蚕的抗涝性得分。
试验结果(

图1 水涝胁迫下草石蚕叶绿素含量的变化
Fig.1 The change of chlorophyll content of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
不同的大写字母分别表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。下同。The different capital letters indicate that the difference between treatments is extremely significant (P<0.01).The same as below.
从

图2 水涝胁迫下草石蚕可溶性糖含量的变化
Fig.2 The change of soluble sugar content of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
从

图3 水涝胁迫下草石蚕可溶性蛋白含量的变化
Fig.3 The change of soluble protein content of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
由

图4 水涝胁迫下草石蚕脯氨酸含量的变化
Fig.4 The change of proline content of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
试验结果(

图5 水涝胁迫下草石蚕SOD活性的变化
Fig.5 The change of SOD activity of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
由

图6 水涝胁迫下草石蚕POD活性的变化
Fig.6 The change of POD activity of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
由

图7 水涝胁迫下草石蚕CAT活性的变化
Fig.7 The change of CAT activity of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress
3种草石蚕MDA含量随水涝胁迫时间的延长一直增加。水涝胁迫1 d后,3种草石蚕MDA含量与对照之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。水涝胁迫7 d后,3种草石蚕 MDA含量均达到最大值,且分别高于对照256.86%、282.93%和301.20%;胁迫末期,“赣引1号” MDA含量升高幅度最小,“贵栽1号”MDA含量升高幅度最大(

图8 水涝胁迫下草石蚕MDA含量的变化
Fig.8 The changeof MDA content of Stachys sieboldii Miq. under waterlogging stress on
水涝胁迫处理后草石蚕各生理指标间的相关性分析结果(
指标 Index | 叶绿素 Chloropliyll | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein | 脯氨酸 Pro | MDA | SOD | POD | CAT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
叶绿素Chloropliyll | 1 | |||||||
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar |
0.75 | 1 | ||||||
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein |
0.77 |
0.99 | 1 | |||||
脯氨酸 Pro | 0.442 |
0.91 |
0.89 | 1 | ||||
MDA | -0.662 |
-0.9 |
-0.98 |
-0.94 | 1 | |||
SOD |
0.87 |
0.97 |
0.98 |
0.81 |
-0.94 | 1 | ||
POD | 0.433 |
0.91 |
0.90 |
0.97 |
-0.96 |
0.81 | 1 | |
CAT |
0.80 | 0.262 | 0.291 | -0.123 | -0.137 | 0.454 | -0.146 | 1 |
注: *表示显著相关,**表示极显著相关。Note:* indicates significant correlation,and ** indicates extremely significant correlation.
1)主成分分析。对水涝胁迫后草石蚕各生理指标进行主成分分析,得到初始特征值、方差贡献率、累计方差贡献率和旋转平方和后的特征值、方差贡献率、累计方差贡献率(
成分Component | 初始特征值 Characteristic value | 旋转平方和载入值 Rotation sums of squared loadings | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Characteristic value | 方差贡献率/% Contribution rate | 累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate | 特征值 Characteristicvalue | 方差贡献率/% Contributionrate | 累计贡献率/% Cumulative contribution rate | |
1 | 6.280 | 78.510 | 78.510 | 5.639 | 70.482 | 70.482 |
2 | 1.719 | 15.490 | 94.000 | 2.361 | 23.518 | 94.000 |
3 | 0.723 | 2.421 | 96.421 | |||
4 | 0.602 | 1.090 | 97.511 | |||
5 | 0.311 | 0.892 | 98.403 | |||
6 | 0.104 | 0.476 | 98.879 | |||
7 | 0.072 | 0.325 | 99.204 | |||
8 | 0.063 | 0.216 | 100.000 |
由
指标 Indexes | 主成分1 Principal component 1 | 主成分2 Principal components 2 |
---|---|---|
叶绿素 Chloropliyll | -0.023 | 0.386 |
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | 0.154 | 0.044 |
可溶性蛋白 Soluble protein | 0.147 | 0.062 |
Pro | 0.225 | -0.168 |
MDA | -0.181 | 0.028 |
SOD | 0.107 | 0.154 |
POD | 0.226 | -0.175 |
CAT | -0.165 | 0.533 |
2)抗涝性综合评价。通过对 2个主成分的得分系数(
F1=-0.023X1+0.154X2+0.147X3+0.225X4-0.181X5+0.107X6+0.226X7-0.165X8
F2=0.386X1+0.044X2+0.062X3-0.168X4+0.028X5+0.154X6-0.175X7+0.533X8
然后以每个主成分所对应的方差贡献率作为权重系数,计算草石蚕的综合得分。从
品种 Varieties | 主成分得分 Principal component score | 综合得分 Comprehensive evaluation value | 排名 Ranking | |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | F2 | |||
鲁引1号 Luyin No.1 | -0.580 | 0.998 | -0.174 | 2 |
赣引1号 Ganyin No.1 | 1.156 | 0.003 | 0.815 | 1 |
贵栽1号 Guizai No.1 | -0.575 | -1.002 | -0.641 | 3 |
水分作为植物生长的重要环境因子,可影响植物的形态、生理生化以及地理分布。水涝胁迫严重影响植物生长发育,胁迫时间越长伤害越
叶片是植物最敏感的器官,逆境胁迫下叶片往往最先表现出症
叶片 MDA 含量为逆境胁迫下植物受害程度的重要指标,淹水胁迫会造成膜脂过氧化反应加剧,导致膜系统受损,从而影响膜透性,间接反映植物组织抗氧化的能
植物在遭受逆境胁迫时,可通过改变体内SOD、POD、CAT 等酶的活性清除大量的自由基,抵御外界的伤
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