摘要
为筛选出抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的天然化合物,以嗜水气单胞菌和香叶木素为研究对象,通过最小抑菌浓度测定、生长曲线、溶血试验、免疫印迹、荧光定量PCR和细胞毒性试验研究了香叶木素对嗜水气单胞菌气溶素表达的抑制作用。结果发现,对嗜水气单胞菌生长没有影响的香叶木素能在较低浓度下通过抑制气溶素的表达降低共培养物上清液的溶血活性;荧光定量PCR试验发现香叶木素能剂量依赖性地降低气溶素编码基因aerA 的表达。此外,通过活/死细胞染色发现香叶木素可减轻气溶素介导的细胞损伤。以上结果表明,香叶木素通过降低aerA的转录水平降低了嗜水气单胞菌的体外致病力,可作为一种抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的候选药物。
嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)是一种宿主广泛的条件性致病菌,可在人和动物,尤其是水生动物中引起多种疾
嗜水气单胞菌能分泌气溶素、溶血素和肠毒素等多种毒力因子,其致病力与这些毒力因子密切相
香叶木素主要存在于菊花、薄荷等中草药以及柑橘类水果中,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等药理学活
香叶木素(纯度≥98%)购自四川维克奇生物科技有限公司;嗜水气单胞菌XS-91-4-1由中国科学院水生生物研究所李爱华研究员赠送;辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗兔IgG购自鼎国生物公司;兔抗气溶素多克隆抗体由笔者所在实验室制备;活/死细胞双染色试剂盒购自翌圣生物公司。香叶木素用DMSO制备成40.96 mg/mL母液,备用。
采用肉汤微量稀释法在96孔板中测定香叶木素和恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌XS-91-4-1的MIC
将过夜的XS-91-4-1菌液按1%接种于新鲜LB液体培养基中,28 ℃振荡培养至OD600 nm=0.3,分装于50 mL锥形瓶中,加入不同质量浓度的香叶木素,使药物终质量浓度分别为4、8、16、32 μg/mL。只加DMSO组作为无药物处理组。在28 ℃继续培养5 h,每0.5 h测1次OD600 nm的吸光值。
将菌株XS-91-4-1接种于LB液体培养基中,28 ℃振荡培养至OD600 nm=0.3,并分装于50 mL锥形瓶中。向每瓶中加入香叶木素,使菌液中香叶木素的终质量浓度为0、4、8、16、32 μg/mL。在28 ℃摇至OD600 nm=1.5 时, 高速离心(13 300 r/min, 1 min)收集上清液冻存备用。将上清液中加入胰蛋白酶(20 μg/mL)激活气溶素,用于溶血和免疫印记试
将本文材料与方法“1.4”中胰蛋白酶处理的菌液上清用于蛋白免疫印迹试验。上清液经样品制备后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离目标蛋白,然后通过湿法将蛋白转印至PVDF膜上;用5%脱脂奶粉将PVDF膜封闭2 h;兔抗气溶素多克隆抗体(1∶1 000)室温孵育1 h;TBST洗涤3次后用辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG(1∶4 000)孵育1 h;TBST洗涤3次;加入ECL发光液避光孵育3 min后,用凝胶成像系统进行化学发光观察并拍照。
菌株培养方法同本文材料与方法“1.4”。菌株XS-91-4-1与不同质量浓度的香叶木素在28 ℃振荡培养至OD600 nm=1.5时,13 300 r/min离心1 min保留菌体用于提取细菌总RNA。将总RNA加入到反转录试剂中合成cDNA并用于后续的荧光定量PCR反应,每个浓度试验组重复3次。荧光定量PCR试验所用到的引物序列见表
引物 Primer | 引物序列(5′-3′) Sequence (5′-3′) | PCR扩增子/bp PCR amplicon |
---|---|---|
aerA-F | TCTACCACCACCTCCCTGTC | 218 |
aerA-R | GACGAAGGTGTGGTTCCAGT | |
16S rRNA-F | TAATACCGCATACGCCCTAC | 164 |
16S rRNA-R | ACCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTG |
根据MICs试验可知,香叶木素和恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌XS-91-4-1的MIC分别为512和4 μg/mL,通过添加DMSO到阳性对照组发现DMSO对细菌生长没有影响。此外,通过生长曲线试验发现,4~32 μg/mL的香叶木素与嗜水气单胞菌共培养不影响嗜水气单胞菌的生长(

图1 嗜水气单胞菌与香叶木素共培养的生长曲线
Fig. 1 Growth curves of A. hydrophila co-cultured with diosmetin
由

图2 香叶木素对嗜水气单胞菌上清液溶血的抑制作用
Fig.2 Impact of diosmetin on hemolytic activity of bacterial supernatants
蛋白免疫印迹试验结果如

图3 不同质量浓度香叶木素处理后培养物上清液中气溶素的含量
Fig.3 Amount of aerolysin in bacterial supernatants after a co-incubation with diosmetin at different concentrations
荧光定量PCR试验结果如

图4 香叶木素处理后嗜水气单胞菌aerA基因的转录水平
Fig.4 Transcription levels of aerA genes in A. hydrophila treated with diosmetin
如

图5 香叶木素对气溶素介导的细胞损伤的保护作用
Fig. 5 Protective effect of diosmetin against aerolysin mediated cell injury
A:未处理的细胞 Untreated cells; B: 无药物菌液上清处理的细胞 Drug-free supernatant treated cells; C: 香叶木素菌液上清处理的细胞 Diosmetin supernatant treated cells.
香叶木素是一种天然黄酮类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和抗炎抑菌作
Chan
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