摘要
为探究斑马鱼ddx27基因对tp53基因表达的影响,根据NCBI网站在线数据库中分析得到的ddx27基因编码序列(coding sequence,CDS),利用同源重组技术构建斑马鱼ddx27真核表达载体pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27。通过亚细胞定位试验和蛋白质免疫印迹技术验证ddx27基因的表达,并利用双荧光素酶试验验证ddx27基因的过表达对tp53基因转录活性的影响。结果显示,ddx27 CDS区及阳性克隆的电泳片段大小以及测序比对均与预期结果一致。蛋白质免疫印迹显示Ddx27重组质粒可正常表达,且蛋白大小与预测结果一致。亚细胞定位显示Ddx27蛋白表达于HEK293T细胞的细胞核中。而且,过表达pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27真核表达载体能够显著增强 tp53启动子报告基因载体pGL3-tp53-Luc的活性,为对照组的1.8倍(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,斑马鱼pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27真核表达载体构建成功,能够在哺乳动物的细胞核中表达,且ddx27基因可以促进tp53基因的表达。
DDX解旋酶(DEAD-box RNA helicase,DDX)属于解旋酶超家族2(helicase superfamily 2,SF2)的成员,是真核生物、古细菌和细菌中最大的RNA解旋酶家族之
斑马鱼ddx27和人类DDX27一样,作为DDX解旋酶家族的一员,同样也含有保守的D-E-A-D序列。DDX27调控核糖体RNA(rRNA)的成熟,参与调节47S核糖体RNA(rRNA)的形
TP53基因在调控癌症发生和发展中具有重要作用,并且与DDX解旋酶关系密切。例如有研究发现TP53与DDX3基因之间的P53-DDX3通路的改变会导致P21蛋白减少,与早期人乳头瘤病毒相关肺癌病人的无复发生存率(recurrence free survival,RSF)相
目前斑马鱼被广泛用于水产及人类疾病模型的研究,如早期发育、免疫调
试验用人胚肾细胞(human embryonal kidney,HEK293T)和内参质粒phRL-TK均由海军军医大学李楠教授惠赠。tp53基因启动子报告基因载体pGL3-p53-Luc由笔者所在实验室自行构建。
DH5α感受态细胞购自北京擎科生物科技有限公司;高保真酶购自天根科技(北京)有限公司;胶回收/DNA纯化试剂盒、质粒提取试剂盒和同源重组试剂2×ClonExpress Mix均购自南京诺唯赞科技股份有限公司;简单培养基Opti-ME
试验所用主要仪器:共聚焦显微镜(Leica,STELLARIS 5),酶标仪(BioTek,Synergy2),电泳仪(Bio-Rad,PowerPac Basic),照胶仪(Bio-Rad,Gel Doc EZ Imager)。
首先利用SMART网站(http://smart.embl.de/)分析斑马鱼Ddx27蛋白的结构域。通过NCBI网站得到其他物种的Ddx27氨基酸序列之后,对斑马鱼Ddx27氨基酸序列与人(Homo spaiens)、半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)、蟒蛇(Python bivittatus)、大山雀(Parus major)和鸭嘴兽(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)等物种的Ddx27氨基酸序列进行比对。之后将各物种的Ddx27氨基酸序列输入MEGA7.0软件,利用软件内的邻接法(NJ)构建系统进化树分析斑马鱼Ddx27氨基酸序列的种间保守性。
根据NCBI网站上登录的斑马鱼ddx27基因(NM_001002869.1)的编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)在两端设计引物:利用诺唯赞官网的CE Design引物设计程序,输入ddx27基因CDS区序列、载体序列并选择好2个酶切位点,确认后得到带同源臂的引物序列,如
引物名称 Primer name | 引物序列(5′–3′) Sequence of primers (5′–3′) | 酶切位点 Enzyme cutting sites |
---|---|---|
ddx27-2331-F | gacaagcttgcatgcctgcagATGGATCTGATCAGAACTATTGATGATG | PstⅠ和 BamHⅠ |
ddx27-2331-R | cagggatgccacccgggatccTCACTTTCTTTTGAACTTGGCCT | |
CMV-30 | AATGTCGTAATAACCCCGCCCCGTTGACGC | 通用引物 Universal primer |
CMV-24 | TATTAGGACAAGGCTGGTGGGCAC |
注: 引物序列中的小写字母为同源臂,它也是引物的一部分。Note:The lowercase letters in the primer sequence are the homology arms,which are also part of the primers.
使用脂质体法将试验组pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27真核表达载体与对照组pCMV-3×Flag载体各自转染至HEK293T细胞中,在细胞裂解液中加入1∶1 000蛋白酶抑制剂,在培养36 h后向24孔板加入细胞裂解液提取蛋白。取试验组与对照组各20 μL和40 μL蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳,加入冰盒后先80 V电泳30 min,待样品迁移至浓缩胶后再100 V电泳80 min。电泳结束后用湿法转膜器将凝胶上的条带转至NC膜上,封闭液封闭1 h,弃去封闭液,以鼠源FLAG-tag 抗体为一抗(1∶3 000倍稀释)孵育过夜,后用PBST漂洗滤膜3次,每次6 min,以山羊抗鼠为二抗(1∶3 000倍稀释)孵育5 h,再用PBST漂洗滤膜4次,每次6 min,加入显影液拍照,用相同的操作得到β-actin蛋白条带,最后分析Western blot结果。
将复苏后的HEK293T细胞培养至状态稳定后,把pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27 质粒转染到细胞中。在培养皿中用HD转染试剂将pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27和 pCMV-3×Flag 各自转染800 ng。转染36 h后,经多聚甲醛固定,甲醇透化,缓冲液封闭后,添加一抗(FLAG-tag)和荧光二抗进行孵育,之后添加DAPI于黑暗中孵育,最后在共聚焦显微镜下观察标本并拍照。详细步骤参照文献[
待复苏后的HEK293T细胞状态稳定后,将转染复合物(
分组 Groups | pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27/ng | pCMV-3×Flag /ng | pGL3-tp53-Luc/ng | phRL-TK/ng | Opti-MEM/μL | Fu GENE HD/μL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Control group | 0 | 200 | 100 | 10 | 45 | 0.93 |
试验组 Experimental group | 200 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 45 | 0.93 |
SMART网站结构域分析结果显示斑马鱼Ddx27蛋白编码776个氨基酸,拥有2个主要的结构域:位于220~421氨基酸位点的DEXDc结构域与460~541氨基酸位点的HELICc结构域,这2个结构域符合Ddx27蛋白作为RNA解旋酶的这一功能。氨基酸序列比对结果显示斑马鱼与遮目鱼Ddx27氨基酸一致性最高,为83.99%,与人DDX27的一致性为72.39%,与小鼠的一致性为71.46%,与鸭嘴兽的一致性为70.78%,与家燕的一致性为67.85%,与鬃狮蜥的一致性为61.64%。系统进化树构建结果表明,哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行类DDX27聚为一大支,硬骨鱼类Ddx27聚为另一大支,哺乳动物各自聚为一个分支(

图1 斑马鱼Ddx27系统进化树构建
Fig.1 Phylogenetic tree construction of zebrafish Ddx27
为了能够在体外表达斑马鱼Ddx27蛋白,利用同源重组法构建了斑马鱼ddx27真核表达载体,结果显示,ddx27基因CDS区PCR扩增结果(

图2 ddx27基因CDS区序列克隆与真核表达载体构建验证
Fig.2 Sequence cloning of CDS region of ddx27 gene and validation of eukaryotic expression vector construction
A:ddx27基因CDS区的克隆;B:ddx27基因重组质粒的构建。M:DNA marker;1:斑马鱼ddx27基因CDS区克隆片段;2、3:菌液PCR阳性克隆片段。A:Cloning of CDS region fragment of ddx27; B:Construction of recombinant plasmid of ddx27 gene.M:DNA marker;1:Cloned fragment of CDS region of zebrafish ddx27 gene; 2,3:PCR positive clone fragment of bacterial fluid.
为了验证重组质粒能否在HEK293T细胞中表达,利用Western blot进行蛋白表达分析,结果显示只有试验组出现了明显的条带,大小约为100 ku,与预测蛋白大小基本一致。表明重组质粒成功在HEK293T细胞中表达Ddx27蛋白(

图3 Ddx27蛋白Western blot检测结果
Fig.3 Western blot results of Ddx27 protein
M:蛋白Marker;1:对照组,未转染重组质粒;2:试验组,已转染重组质粒。M:Protein marker; 1:Control group,not transfected with recombinant plasmids; 2:Experimental group,which has been transfected with recombinant plasmids.
亚细胞定位结果如

图4 pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27在HEK293T细胞中的定位
Fig.4 Localization of pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27 in HEK293T cells
BF:明场; DAPI:蓝色荧光,用于标记细胞核; FITC:绿色荧光,用于标记重组质粒; Merge:DAPI和FITC 2张图的重合; Merge(BF):BF、DAPI和FITC 3张图的重合。BF:Bright field; DAPI:Blue fluorescence,used to label the nucleus; FITC:Green fluorescence,used to label the recombinant plasmid; Merge:Overlap of two plots of DAPI,and FITC; Merge (BF):Overlap of three plots of BF,DAPI and FITC.
通过比较对照组与试验组pGL3-tp53-Luc启动子的荧光素酶相对活性,发现过表达斑马鱼ddx27基因后,pGL3-tp53-Luc启动子的转录活性显著升高,约为对照组活性的1.8倍,试验组和对照组具有显著差异(

图5 斑马鱼ddx27对tp53转录活性的影响
Fig.5 Effect of zebrafish ddx27 on the transcriptional activity of tp53
1.对照组;2.试验组;n=3,*: P<0.05。1.Control group; 2.Experimental group;n=3,*:P<0.05.
DEAD-box解旋酶家族几乎参与各种与RNA相关的生化进程,其中DDX27参与调控核糖体的生物发生中rRNA的成
最新研究发现在人类乳腺癌中DDX27的过度表达可增强与干细胞相关的生物标记物的表达,并促进干细胞活性,导致乳腺癌细胞的增殖和迁
综上所述,本研究对构建成功的斑马鱼pCMV-3×Flag-ddx27真核表达载体进行了蛋白表达分析以及亚细胞定位,过表达斑马鱼ddx27基因载体后,能够增强tp53基因的表达,为进一步解析动物发育疾病及人类各种癌症发生的详细机制奠定了理论基础,也为进一步研究DDX家族的功能和机制提供可靠的研究材料。
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