摘要
为研究鱼类细胞分裂周期蛋白20基因(cell division cycle 20 homolog,cdc20)的功能,以团头鲂为试验对象,经PCR扩增获得了团头鲂cdc20基因的CDS,基于多序列比对和系统进化树分析该基因的结构和不同物种间的进化关系,采用半定量PCR(semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR,sqRT-PCR)、荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和切片原位杂交的方法检测了该基因的时空表达模式。结果显示,该基因编码区所包含的序列长度为1 482 bp,编码493 aa。团头鲂Cdc20氨基酸序列在进化上十分保守,具有7个WD40基序形成的稳定7叶β螺旋桨状结构,与鲤和斑马鱼的相似性最高。qRT-PCR结果显示团头鲂cdc20基因在早期胚胎中的表达量最高,随后呈下降趋势。sqRT-PCR检测发现cdc20基因主要在性腺中表达。性腺切片原位杂交结果显示cdc20在团头鲂各时期卵母细胞中均有表达,主要集中在Ⅱ期卵母细胞的胞质和Ⅲ、Ⅵ期卵母细胞的卵黄颗粒中;另外也发现该基因在精巢的精原细胞和生精小管的生殖上皮中表达量最高,在精子中的表达较低。以上结果表明团头鲂cdc20基因是一个母源基因,可能参与生殖细胞的发育。
鱼类性腺成熟是生殖细胞不断增殖、分化成成熟配子的过程,而配子的成熟需要经过2次减数分裂,其中涉及了同源染色体的配对、联会、重组和分离等,其中任何环节的异常都会导致减数分裂过程无法正常进行,进而导致配子发育的异
使用TRIzol(康为世纪生物科技股份有限公司)提取团头鲂成鱼不同组织的总RNA,包括脑、眼睛、鳃、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肠、肾脏、卵巢、精巢和肌肉。采集不同发育时期(受精卵、2-细胞期、16-细胞期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经期、体节期、心跳期和孵化期)的胚胎并提取总RNA。将提取的总RNA用PrimeScrip
将斑马鱼的cdc20 cDNA序列(Accession: NM_213080)与笔者所在实验室的团头鲂转录组数据进行比对,获得团头鲂cdc20基因的编码区序列。并根据此序列使用Oligo 7和Beacon Designer 7软件设计PCR引物以扩增团头鲂cdc20基因的编码区序列。根据预测的氨基酸序列利用ClutsalX软件进行多序列比对以及使用SWISS在线网站(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)预测蛋白结构域;基于MEGA 6.0软件的Neighbor-joining方法构建进化树。
采用sqRT-PCR方法检测cdc20基因在团头鲂成鱼各组织中的表达模式,以β-actin作为内参基因,引物序列见
使用SYBR
团头鲂的性腺组织用4% PFA(DEPC水处理)固定后送武汉赛维尔公司做切片,依次将切片进行如下操作:二甲苯洗2次,每次20 min;无水乙醇洗2次,每次10 min;95%乙醇5 min;90%乙醇5 min;80%乙醇5 min;70%乙醇5 min;蒸馏水冲洗后,苏木素染色3~8 min,自来水洗;1%的盐酸乙醇分化数秒,自来水冲洗;0.6%氨水返蓝,流水冲洗;伊红染液中染色1~3 min;将切片放入95%乙醇洗2次,每次5 min;无水乙醇洗2次,每次5 min;二甲苯洗2次,每次5 min,切片拿出来稍晾干,中性树胶封片。以上操作完成后于显微镜(Leica,DFC550)下观察。
以团头鲂cdc20 cDNA序列作为模板,设计探针引物(
通过PCR测序及生物信息学分析证实团头鲂cdc20编码区的基因组长3 960 bp,包含10个外显子和9个内含子,cDNA长1 482 bp,编码493 aa;预测蛋白的理论分子质量为5.44 ku,等电点为7.68。氨基酸序列多重比对结果显示(

图1 团头鲂Cdc20蛋白的多序列比对
Fig.1 Multiple sequence alignment of Cdc20 proteins of Megalobrama amblycephala
所有氨基酸一致用深蓝色表示,75%一致用浅蓝色表示;WD40重复序列区域用红色框标识。Identical amino acids are indicated in navy blue and 75% in light blue; the WD40 repeat domains are noted with red frames.

图2 团头鲂Cdc20蛋白预测的三级结构
Fig.2 Predicted structure model of M. amblycephala Cdc20 protein
①~⑦分别代表每个WD40基序形成的四股反向平行的β折叠结构。①~⑦ represents four-stranded antiparallel β-sheets folded by each WD40 motif.
基于多个物种Cdc20氨基酸序列的系统进化分析显示,团头鲂与鲤的系统进化关系最近,其次是斑马鱼。而亲缘关系较远的两栖类、鸟类和哺乳类形成一个独立分支(

图3 脊椎动物CDC20蛋白的系统进化树
Fig.3 Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences of CDC20 in vertebrates
通过sqRT-PCR检测cdc20基因在团头鲂成鱼不同组织中的表达情况,结果如

图4 团头鲂cdc20基因在成鱼各组织中的表达
Fig.4 Expression of cdc20 gene in different tissues of M. amblycephala
M:Marker; Br:脑 Brain; E:眼睛 Eye; G:鳃 Gill,H:心脏 Heart; S:脾脏 Spleen; I:肠道 Intestine; K:肾脏 Kidney; O:卵巢 Ovary; T:精巢 Testis; Mu:肌肉 Muscle; C:空白对照 Control.
通过qRT-PCR检测cdc20在团头鲂各发育阶段胚胎中的表达情况,包括受精卵、2-细胞期、16-细胞期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经期、体节期、心跳期和孵化期。结果(

图5 团头鲂cdc20基因在胚胎发育各时期中的表达
Fig.5 Expression of cdc20 gene at different embryonic development stages of M. amblycephala
柱上的不同字母表示差异显著,P<0.05。 Different letters mean significant differences,P<0.05.Z:受精卵时期 Zygote stage;2:2-细胞期2-cell stage;16:16-细胞期16-cell stage;Bl:囊胚期 Blastocyst stage;Ga:原肠期 Gastrula stage;N:神经期 Neural stage;So:体节期Somite stage;He:心跳期Heartbeat stage;Ha:孵化期Hatching stage.
根据团头鲂性腺切片原位杂交的结果(

图6 cdc20基因在团头鲂不同发育时期卵母细胞中的表达
Fig.6 Expression of cdc20 gene at differentdevelopment stages of M. amblycephala oocytes
A:团头鲂Ⅱ期卵巢,以Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期卵母细胞为主。B:团头鲂Ⅳ期卵巢,以Ⅳ期卵母细胞为主,同时含有少量Ⅲ期卵母细胞。①箭头表示皮质泡;②箭头表示细胞核;③箭头表示放射带。比例尺:100 μm。A: Stage Ⅱ ovary of M. amblycephala,mainly consisted of oocytes with stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ. B: Stage Ⅳ ovary of M. amblycephala,mainly consisted of oocytes with stage Ⅳ and several stage Ⅲ.① Arrow indicates cortical vesicles; ② Arrow indicates nuclei; ③ Arrow indicates radial band. Bar: 100 μm.

图7 团头鲂cdc20基因在精巢中的表达
Fig.7 Expression of cdc20 gene in testis of M. amblycephala
A:精巢H.E染色;B:精巢切片原位杂交。SG:精原细胞;SP:精子。红色箭头表示生殖上皮。比例尺:20 μm。A: HE staining of testis; B: In situ hybridization of testis.SG:Spermatogonia;SP:Sperm.The red arrow indicates the germinal epithelium.Bar: 20 μm.
CDC20蛋白通过C端的WD40结构域(即WD40基序)识别、激活和结合APC/C调节细胞分裂中姐妹染色体的分
本研究还发现,团头鲂cdc20主要在性腺中表达。类似地,有研究发现cdc20基因在斑马鱼性腺中高表达,且对斑马鱼卵子和精子发生过程具有重要作
此外,团头鲂cdc20在胚胎发育早期大量表达,然后逐渐下降,因此推测该基因是一个母源基因,对早期胚胎发育具有重要意义,包括激活卵子、促进早期的卵裂、促进合子基因的表达
综上,本研究克隆并分析了团头鲂cdc20基因的序列特征及其时空表达模式,结果可为后续深入研究该基因的功能奠定理论基础。
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