Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is an important economic fruit tree, and its flower bud quality is greatly affected by temperature. In this paper, the whole genome of Heat shock transcription factors (HSF) family was identified with sweet cherry as material, and their expression and response to high and low temperature in 8 tissues were analyzed. The results showed that there were 17 HSF members in the sweet cherry genome, which were named PavHSF1-PavHSF17 according to their positions on chromosomes. All members of this family are hydrophilic proteins, and all members are localized in the nucleus. The presence of stress response elements such as low temperature in the promoter region suggests that PavHSF may be involved in abiotic stress response. PavHSF can be divided into 3 classes and 13 subclasses. There are two collinear gene pairs. The collinear gene pairs with monocotyledonous plants are the least. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that PavHSF members had the highest expression levels in dormant flower buds and leaf buds, and PavHSF3 was highly expressed in all tissues of sweet cherry. Under high temperature stress, the expressions of PavHSF11, PavHSF13, PavHSF15 and PavHSF16 were significantly increased, which were the main genes responding to high temperature. Under low temperature stress, the expressions of PavHSF13, PavHSF15 and PavHSF17 increased most significantly, suggesting that PavHSF13 and PavHSF15 were transcription factors responding to temperature stress. This study speculated that PavHSF transcription factor family is widely involved in the growth and development of sweet cherry, and is closely related to temperature stress, which provides a basis for future gene cloning and functional studies of sweet cherry HSF family.