Aim: Arthropod diversity is the most important component of urban biodiversity. Clarifying the relationship between arthropod diversity and green space microenvironmental factors can promote the stability and sustainable development of urban green space ecosystems, which is of great significance. Methods: This article used the interceptor collection method to collect arthropod communities from six small and medium-sized parks within the third ring road of Beijing. Pearson correlation analysis, regression analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to explore the relationship between green space microenvironmental factors and the diversity of arthropod communities. Results: (1) Aphididae are the dominant family in garden green spaces, accounting for 52.12% of the total abundance; Diaeretiella rapae and Semidalis aleyrodiformes are the dominant species of natural enemy insects, accounting for 27.73% and 23.92% of the total abundance, respectively. There are significant differences in the abundance, abundance, and Shannon Weiner diversity index of arthropod communities among different plots. (2) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the areas, richness and Shannon Wiener index of flowering plants were significantly positively correlated with the abundance of arthropods (P < 0.001), the richness (P < 0.001) and the abundance (P < 0.001) of natural enemy insects, while they were significantly negatively correlated with the Shannon Wiener index and evenness index of arthropod communities (P < 0.001) which is supposed that induce by dosage applicating; and the frequency and dosage ratio of application were significantly positively correlated with the abundance of arthropod communities (P < 0.001). It is deduced that the negative correlations and the positive correlation in abundance was induced by the aphid resurgence caused by dosage applicating. (3) The results of principal component analysis showed that the main microenvironmental factors affecting the diversity of arthropods in green spaces were the ratio of pesticide dosage, the area of flowering plants, the frequency of pesticide application, the evenness of flowering plants, the Shannon Wiener diversity of flowering plants, and the abundance of flowering plants. (4) The RDA analysis results showed that the area, evenness, Shannon Wiener diversity and abundance of flowering plants were significantly positively correlated with the abundance of arthropods and their natural enemies, and significantly negatively correlated with arthropod diversity. The comprehensive ranking results show that the top three factors with the greatest influence are the dosage applicating ratio, the flowering plant area and the dosage applicating frequency. Conclusion: The research results have preliminarily clarified the microenvironmental factors and their impacts on the diversity of arthropods in park green spaces, which has reference significance for promoting the protection of urban green space biodiversity.