In the face of resource shortage and increasing carbon emissions, how to change the traditional development model and promote the green transformation of the whole society is an important issue to be solved urgently in China to adhere to the green, low-carbon and circular development path. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper constructs an index system and uses the entropy weight TOPSIS model, coupling coordination degree model and spatial autocorrelation model to analyze the coupling coordination degree of digital economy, low-carbon development and new urbanization and its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. The results show that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the comprehensive development level of the three systems has significantly improved, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of "high in the east and low in the west"; (2) The coupling coordination degree of the three systems showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the overall level was not high after experiencing the stage of "mild imbalance → barely coordination"; (3) The spatial characteristics of the three systems are positive spatial autocorrelation, the correlation is gradually enhanced, and the spatial distribution changes to the aggregation state; (4) The high-high agglomeration type is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal and central areas and shows a significant diffusion trend, and the coordinated development level shows a "high southeast and low northwest" trend. Based on the empirical analysis results, suggestions are put forward for the coupling and coordination of digital economy, low-carbon development and new urbanization, in order to provide references for strengthening regional linkage, making up for weaknesses, and promoting green, low-carbon and circular development.