In view of the group's existing air-aspirated miniature potato seed metering devices operation requires high negative pressure, power consumption and seed metering leakage index is too large and other issues, this study based on the radius of curvature of the miniature potato potatoes, designed a ring groove-type seed dispenser disk, in order to increase the effective contact area of the miniature potatoes adhering to the disk, so as to increase the qualification index of the air-aspirated miniature potato seed dispenser. In order to save costs and reduce the research cycle, EDEM and Fluent software are used to construct a coupled simulation system of air-absorbing micro-potato seed metering to simulate the actual working process of the seed dispenser. Among them, due to the coupled simulation requirements of the minimum fluid grid size is larger than the size of the miniature potato, so the bonding model is used instead of multi sphere fitting to establish the miniature potato particles, and the fluid mesh of the seeder adopts the unstructured mesh. In this study, by taking the operation parameters (vacuum degree, seed disks rotation speed) and structural parameters (suction hole diameter, number of suction holes) of the seed discharger as influencing factors, and by taking the qualified index, missed seeding index, reseeding index and power consumption as performance indexes to conduct a single-factor test to obtain the influence law of the influencing factors on the seed discharger, and by designing a quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combinatorial test to obtain the mathematical relationship between the various test indexes of the seed metering devices and the influencing factors. The mathematical relationship between each test index and each influence factor of the seed dispenser is obtained by designing quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combination test. The mathematical model obtained above was solved by non-dominated sorting algorithm (NSGA-II) for multi-objective optimization to obtain the optimal solution set of Pareto, and the optimal solution set was sorted by hierarchical analysis of hierarchies (AHP) to obtain the relationship between the weights of each test index of the seed arranger to get the optimal structure and operating parameters of the seed arranger. The results show that when the negative pressure value of the air suction miniature potato seeder is 5060Pa, the speed of seeding disc is 35r/min, the number of suction holes is 10, and the diameter of suction holes is 10mm, the indexes of the seeder reach the optimum, i.e., the index of the seeder is 94.18%, the index of leakage is 3.14%, the index of replanting is 2.68%, and the power consumption is 10.8kW. verify the simulation optimization results of the air-absorbing miniature potato metering devices, bench tests were carried out according to the optimal parameter combinations. The results show that the simulation optimization results are basically consistent with the bench test, and the relative error of the qualification index is 0.97%. This shows that the combination of multi-objective optimization algorithm and hierarchical analysis process for weight allocation is reasonable and feasible for the performance optimization of seed metering devices.