基于电容法的溜管式颗粒物料质量流量计设计与试验
作者:
作者单位:

1.华中农业大学工学院,武汉 430070;2.农业农村部智慧养殖技术重点实验室,武汉 430070

作者简介:

路开新,E-mail:1441383213@qq.com

通讯作者:

牛智有,E-mail:nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

S965.211

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300305)


Design and experiment of a chute mass flowmeter of granular materials based on capacitance method
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Wuhan 430070,China

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    摘要:

    为实现溜管内颗粒物料质量流量的在线自动测量,根据颗粒物料与空气介电特性的差异,设计了一种基于电容法的溜管式颗粒物料质量流量计。该装置以STM32单片机、电容数字转换芯片AD7746和以MT8816为核心芯片的极板转换电路搭建数据采集系统,实现八极板组合旋转激励传感器电容信号的有效获取。搭建质量流量计试验台架,以玉米、小麦和颗粒配合饲料为试验材料,标定质量流量与累计电容值之间的关系,构建3种颗粒物料的质量流量预测模型,其模型决定系数R2分别为0.990 4、0.993 9、0.987 9。溜管式质量流量计精度验证试验结果显示,在溜管倾角分别为15°、25°、35°、45°、55°,玉米(小麦)质量分别为30、50、70 kg,颗粒配合饲料质量分别为30、50、65 kg时,玉米、小麦和颗粒配合饲料测量的平均相对误差MRE分别为3.11%、3.76%和3.75%。研究结果表明,将电容法应用于溜管输送颗粒物料过程的质量流量在线测量具有可行性,可以实现颗粒物料质量流量的在线自动测量。

    Abstract:

    A chute mass flowmeter of granular materials was designed based on capacitance method and according to the difference in dielectric properties between granular materials and air to achieve online automatic measurement of the mass flow rate of granular materials in the chute.The device was equipped with an STM32 microcontroller, a capacitance-to-digital Converter chip AD7746, and a plate conversion circuit with MT8816 as the core chip to build a data acquisition system, achieving effective acquisition of capacitance of eight-plate rotary excitation sensors.A test bench of mass flowmeter was built.Maize, wheat and granular compound feed were used to calibrate the relationship between the mass flow rate and the value of cumulative capacitance.The models of predicting the mass flow of three kinds of granular materials were constructed, with determination coefficient R2 of 0.990 4, 0.993 9, and 0.987 9, respectively.The results of verifying the accuracy of chute mass flowmeter showed that the average relative error (MRE) of measurement accuracy for maize, wheat and granular compound feed was 3.11%, 3.76%, and 3.75%, when the inclination angle of the chute was 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, and 55°, the mass of maize and wheat mass was 30, 50 and 70 kg,the mass of granular compound feed was 30, 50, and 65 kg, respectively.It is indicated that it is feasible to use the capacitance method in the online measurement of mass flow rate in the process of transporting granular materials through a chute, which can achieve the automatic online measurement of the mass flow rate of granular materials.

    图1 溜管式颗粒物料质量流量计结构示意图Fig.1 Structure diagram of granular material chute type mass flowmeter
    图2 电容传感器结构示意图Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the capacitive sensor structure
    图3 数据采集系统下位机总体框图Fig.3 Structure chart of the data acquisition system lower computer
    图4 极板转换电路原理图Fig.4 Schematic hardware circuit diagram of plate conversion
    图5 MT8816控制时序图Fig.5 MT8816 control timing diagram
    图6 单片机软件程序流程图Fig.6 Program flowchart of MCU module
    图7 上位机程序流程图Fig.7 Program flowchart of human-computer
    图8 上位机显示界面Fig.8 Human-computer displays the interface
    图9 质量流量计试验台架Fig.9 Mass flow meter test bench
    图10 不同倾角状态下的溜管实物图Fig.10 Physical diagram of the chute at different inclination angles
    图11 颗粒物料质量与累计电容值曲线Fig.11 Granular material mass and cumulative capacitance value
    表 1 3种颗粒物料质量流量预测模型的方差分析结果Table 1 The variance analysis results of three kinds of granular material mass flow prediction models
    表 2 溜管式质量流量计玉米测量结果Table 2 Measuring result of maize chute type mass flow meter
    表 3 溜管式质量流量计小麦测量结果Table 3 Measuring result of wheat chute type mass flow meter
    表 4 溜管式质量流量计颗粒配合饲料测量结果Table 4 Measuring result of pelleted extrusion mixed feed chute type mass flow meter
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路开新,赵延辉,曹清,雍淦文,王田彬,刘静,牛智有.基于电容法的溜管式颗粒物料质量流量计设计与试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(2):94-104

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-04-02
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