规模化养猪场产房单元仔猪自动补奶系统设计与试验
作者:
作者单位:

1.华中农业大学工学院/农业农村部智慧养殖技术重点实验室,武汉 430070;2.深圳市慧农科技有限公司,深圳518000

作者简介:

曹清,E-mail:cqing2267464@outlook.com

通讯作者:

牛智有,E-mail:nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

S817.3

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300305)


Design and experiment of an automatic supplement system of milk for piglets in farrowing unit of large-scale pig farms
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Engineering/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;2.Shenzhen Huinong Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China

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    摘要:

    针对规模化养猪场哺乳仔猪哺育自动化程度较低等问题,设计一种适用于规模化养猪场产房单元的恒温循环式仔猪自动补奶系统,实现奶液制备、循环饲喂、自动清洗等功能。阐述补奶系统的整体结构及工作原理,开展搅拌罐、搅拌器、循环管道、输送泵、辅助加热器等关键部件结构设计和理论分析;开发以西门子S7-200 SMART为核心处理器的补奶控制系统,通过电磁阀、继电器等对奶液流动状态进行控制,通过流量传感器、温度传感器、液位传感器等对奶液物理参数进行监测,使用触摸屏实现人机交互;试制样机并进行性能试验,结果显示,搅拌制备的奶液均匀性总平均变异系数为0.435%,管道压力分布在26.0~65.2 kPa,所有补奶碗均可在6.1 s内充满奶液,奶液温度控制在40~42 ℃。研究结果表明,设计的产房单元仔猪自动补奶装置奶液均匀性较好,压力分布合理,奶液温度符合仔猪补奶要求,满足产房单元仔猪自动补奶的生产需求。

    Abstract:

    An automatic supplement system of milk for piglets in the farrowing unit of large-scale pig farms with homeothermia circulation was designed to realize the functions including preparing milk, feeding circularly, and cleaning automatically to solve the problem of low level of automation in nursing piglets in large-scale pig farms. The overall structure and working principle of the supplement system of milk for piglets were explained. The structural design and theoretical analyses of key components including the mixing tanks, stirrers, circulation pipelines, delivery pumps, and auxiliary heaters were conducted. A control system for the supplement of milk was developed with Siemens S7-200 SMART as the core processor. Human-computer interaction through a touchscreen was realized by controlling the flow state of the milk solenoid valves and relays, and monitoring the physical parameters of milk with flow sensors, temperature sensors, liquid level sensors, etc. A prototype was manufactured and the performance of prototype was tested. The results showed that the overall average coefficient of variation for the uniformity of the milk prepared by stirring was 0.435%, and the pipeline pressure ranged from 26.0 kPa to 65.2 kPa. All milk refilling bowls were filled with milk within 6.1 seconds, with the temperature of milk controlled between 40 ℃ and 42 ℃. It is indicated that the designed automatic supplement device of milk for piglets in the farrowing unit has good uniformity of milk, reasonable distribution of pressure, with the temperature of the milk meeting the requirements of supplementing milk for piglets, thereby satisfying the production needs of automatic supplement of milk for piglets in the farrowing unit.

    图1 某大型规模化养猪场产房单元产床布置示意图Fig.1 Layout of delivery beds in a large scale pig farms delivery room unit
    图2 仔猪补奶系统整体结构示意图Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the piglet milk supplementation system
    图3 搅拌罐结构和关键尺寸示意图Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the structure and key dimensions of the mixing tank
    图4 推进式搅拌器结构和关键尺寸示意图Fig.4 Schematic diagram of the structure and key dimensions of the propulsion mixer
    图5 搅拌器安装位置示意图Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the installation position of the mixer
    图6 循环管道布置方式示意图Fig.6 Schematic diagram of circulation pipeline layout
    图7 循环缓冲罐Fig.7 Circulating buffer tank
    图8 辅助加热器Fig.8 Auxiliary heater
    图9 主程序工作流程图Fig.9 Workflow of the main program
    图10 自动补奶系统交互界面Fig.10 Physical picture of automatic milk supplementation system
    图11 自动补奶系统实物图Fig.11 Physical picture of automatic milk supplementation system
    图12 补奶碗补奶效果试验结果Fig.12 Results of the milk replenishment effect test on the milk bowl
    图13 补奶碗奶液温度控制验证(2 ℃)Fig.13 Verification results of temperature control of milk solution in the milk replenishing bowl(2 ℃)
    图14 补奶碗奶液温度控制验证(1 ℃)Fig.14 Verification results of temperature control of milk solution in the milk replenishing bowl(1 ℃)
    表 1 硬件选型表Table 1 Hardware selection
    表 2 不同深度奶液样品搅拌效果Table 2 Mixing effect of milk samples with different depths
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引用本文

曹清,孔宪锐,丁潘,李灿,牛智有,李志伟.规模化养猪场产房单元仔猪自动补奶系统设计与试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(2):29-38

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12
  • 在线发布日期: 2025-04-02
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