首页 > 过刊浏览>2025年第44卷第1期 >24-34. DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.01.003
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木醋液和生物炭复合处理种子对油菜萌发、生长、产量和品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

1.农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，武汉 430070;2.农产品营养品质与安全湖北省重点实验室/湖北省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所， 武汉 430064;3.湖北省农业技术推广总站，武汉 430072

作者简介:

曲昭杰，E-mail：15853286186@163.com

通讯作者:

胡立勇，E-mail：liyonghu@mail.hzau.edu.cn
朱坤淼，E-mail：929930972@qq.com

中图分类号:

S351.1

基金项目:

湖北省农业科技创新项目


Effects of treating seeds compositely with wood vinegar and biochar on germination，growth，yield and quality of rapeseed
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China;2.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Nutritional Quality and Safety of Agro-Products/ Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China;3.Hubei Province Extension Station of Agricultural Technology，Wuhan 430072，China

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    摘要:

    为提高直播油菜种子出苗率及壮苗率，以华油杂50油菜种子为试验材料，进行室内筛选与田间种植试验，以评估木醋液引发（wood vinegar priming，PV）和稻秆生物炭（rice straw biochar，BC）丸粒化对油菜萌发出苗、幼苗生长、产量和品质的影响，木醋液引发设7个处理（m/V）：0（纯蒸馏水，HP）、1∶200（PV200）、1∶400（PV400）、1∶600（PV600）、1∶800（PV800）、1∶1 000（PV1000）和1∶1 200（PV1200），稻秆生物炭设5个处理（m/m）：20%（BC20）、30%（BC30）、40%（BC40）、50%（BC50）和60%（BC60）。结果显示：稀释1 000倍的木醋液（PV1000）引发和30% BC的种衣剂丸粒化是促进萌发和幼苗生长的最佳配比。PV1000引发和PV1000引发+30%生物炭丸粒化（PV1000+BC30）处理显著提高油菜的出苗率，分别提高20.2%和22.1%；PV、BC、PV+BC处理的生物量分别较对照提高13.7%、21.6%、35.3%；油菜产量分别提高达14.4%、13.6%、17.0%；同时，PV+BC处理显著提高了油酸含量，降低了硫苷含量。因此，PV和PV+BC是有效的种子处理方法。

    Abstract:

    Seeds of Huayouza 50 rapeseed were used to conduct laboratory screening and field experiments to evaluate the effects of wood vinegar priming （PV） and rice straw biochar （BC） coating on the germination and seedling，the growth of seedling，the yield and quality of rapeseed to improve the rate of seedling and vigor seedling in rapeseed with direct-seeding. 7 treatments of wood vinegar priming including 0 （pure distilled water，HP），1∶200 （PV200），1∶00 （PV400），1∶600 （PV600），1∶800 （PV800），1∶1 000 （PV1000），and 1∶1 200 （PV1200） and 5 treatments of rice straw biochar （BC） including 20%（BC20），30%（BC30），40%（BC40），50%（BC50）and 60%（BC60，m/m）were set up. The results showed that the optimal ratio for promoting the germination and the growth of seedling was triggered by diluting the wood vinegar solution 1 000 times （PV1000） and using a seed coating agent with BC30 for granulation. The treatment of PV1000 and PV1000+BC30 significantly increased the rate of seedling in rapeseed by 20.2% and 22.1%，respectively. The biomass of PV，BC，and PV+BC treatment increased by 13.7%，21.6%，and 35.3% respectively compared to that of the control. PV，BC，and PV+BC treatment increased yield of rapeseed by 14.4%，13.6%，and 17.0%，respectively. PV+BC treatment significantly increased the content of oleic acid and reduced the content of glucosinolate. It is indicated that PV and PV+BC are effective methods for treating seeds of rapeseed.

    图1 培养箱条件下，不同质量浓度PV处理的油菜幼苗在第７天的生长情况Fig.1 Growth of rapeseed seedlings treated with different concentrations of PV under incubator conditions on the seventh day
    图2 培养箱条件下不同含量生物炭（BC）丸粒化的油菜幼苗在第７天的生长情况Fig.2 Growth of rapeseed seedlings with different contents of biochar （BC） pellets under incubator conditions on the seventh day
    图3 培养箱条件下不同种子处理方式的油菜幼苗在第７天的生长情况Fig.3 Growth of rapeseed seedlings under different seed treatment methods on the seventh day under incubator conditions
    表 1 不同质量浓度的PV对油菜种子萌发的影响Table 1 Effects of PV at different concentrations on rapeseed germination
    表 2 不同质量浓度木醋液处理对油菜幼苗素质的影响Table 2 Effects of PV at different concentrations on the quality of rapeseed seedlings
    表 3 不同含量生物炭（BC）丸粒化对油菜种子萌发出苗的影响Table 3 Effects of different content of biochar （BC） coating on seed germination and emergence of rapeseed
    表 4 不同含量生物炭（BC）丸粒化对油菜幼苗素质的影响Table 4 Effects of biochar （BC） coating with different contents on the quality of rapeseed seedlings
    表 5 不同种子处理方式对油菜种子萌发出苗的影响Table 5 Effects of different seed treatment methods on germination and emergence of rapeseed seeds
    表 6 不同种子处理方式对油菜幼苗素质的影响Table 6 Effects of different seed treatment methods on the quality of rapeseed seedlings
    表 7 大田直播条件下油菜不同种子处理的出苗特性Table 7 Seedling emergence characteristics of rapeseed under different seed treatments under field live broadcasting conditions
    表 8 不同处理下油菜株高和根颈粗Table 8 Rapeseed plant height and root neck thickness under different seed treatments
    表 9 不同处理下油菜总叶数和绿叶数Table 9 The total number of leaves and green leaves in rapeseed under different seed treatments
    表 10 不同处理下油菜鲜质量和干质量Table 10 Fresh and dry weight per plant of rapeseed under different treatments
    表 11 不同处理下油菜叶面积及SPAD值Table 11 Leaf area and SPAD value of rapeseed under different treatments
    表 12 不同处理下油菜产量及产量构成因素Table 12 Rapeseed yield and yield components under different treatments
    表 13 不同种子处理方式对油菜籽品质的影响Table 13 Effects of different seed treatments on rapeseed quality
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曲昭杰,朱坤淼,胡吕良,周钰,原保忠,胡立勇.木醋液和生物炭复合处理种子对油菜萌发、生长、产量和品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2025,44(1):24-34

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-15
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