Seeds of Huayouza 50 rapeseed were used to conduct laboratory screening and field experiments to evaluate the effects of wood vinegar priming （PV） and rice straw biochar （BC） coating on the germination and seedling，the growth of seedling，the yield and quality of rapeseed to improve the rate of seedling and vigor seedling in rapeseed with direct-seeding. 7 treatments of wood vinegar priming including 0 （pure distilled water，HP），1∶200 （PV200），1∶00 （PV400），1∶600 （PV600），1∶800 （PV800），1∶1 000 （PV1000），and 1∶1 200 （PV1200） and 5 treatments of rice straw biochar （BC） including 20%（BC20），30%（BC30），40%（BC40），50%（BC50）and 60%（BC60，m/m）were set up. The results showed that the optimal ratio for promoting the germination and the growth of seedling was triggered by diluting the wood vinegar solution 1 000 times （PV1000） and using a seed coating agent with BC30 for granulation. The treatment of PV1000 and PV1000+BC30 significantly increased the rate of seedling in rapeseed by 20.2% and 22.1%，respectively. The biomass of PV，BC，and PV+BC treatment increased by 13.7%，21.6%，and 35.3% respectively compared to that of the control. PV，BC，and PV+BC treatment increased yield of rapeseed by 14.4%，13.6%，and 17.0%，respectively. PV+BC treatment significantly increased the content of oleic acid and reduced the content of glucosinolate. It is indicated that PV and PV+BC are effective methods for treating seeds of rapeseed.