首页 > 过刊浏览>2025年第44卷第1期 >1-14. DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2025.01.001
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杂交稻与常规稻产量受干旱影响的Meta分析及干物质分配差异
作者:
作者单位:

1.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，武汉430070;2.湖北省十堰市农业科学院，十堰 442000

作者简介:

毛紫琳，E-mail：3436606984@qq.com

通讯作者:

李萍，E-mail：sleep1022@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

S511

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划重点专项（2022YFD2301002）；国家自然科学基金项目（31801291）


Meta-analysis of effects of drought on yield and differences in dry matter allocation of hybrid rice and inbred rice
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Plant Science and Technology， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China;2.Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hubei Province， Shiyan 442000， China

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    摘要:

    为探究干旱对杂交稻和常规稻干物质分配及产量的影响，通过Meta分析整合了1990-2020年中国境内干旱胁迫-水稻产量的文献结果，量化品种、干旱胁迫程度以及胁迫时期对水稻产量的影响，并于湖北省武汉市开展盆栽试验，以籼型杂交稻扬两优6号和汕优63、籼型常规稻黄华占和扬稻6号为试验材料，进一步研究干旱［土壤水势（-30±5） kPa］对抽穗开花期水稻的叶片与根系生理指标、干物质积累与分配的影响。Meta分析结果显示，干旱下水稻产量平均降幅为24.0%；与其他生育期相比，营养生长期干旱胁迫下水稻产量降幅最大，达24.4%；籼型杂交稻和籼型常规稻在干旱下的产量降幅分别为19.3%和13.8%，差异显著，表明常规稻在干旱下的产量相对稳定。武汉盆栽试验结果显示，干旱胁迫下水稻叶片水势和叶绿素含量、根系伤流速度、根系吸收面积与活跃吸收面积均显著下降，其中根系伤流速度的降幅最大，杂交稻与常规稻的降幅分别为94.29%和89.03%，而根系活力显著上升。干旱显著降低了水稻各部位干物质量，其中杂交稻叶片的可溶性糖含量与非结构性碳水化合物（non-structural carbohydrates，NSC）含量显著下降，降幅分别为37.73%和25.35%，常规稻叶片的可溶性糖含量与NSC显著上升，增幅分别为21.89%和10.49%。与杂交稻相比，干旱下常规稻的叶片与根系生理指标变幅更小，其叶、穗、根部的NSC含量积累较多，茎部的光合碳含量较高；常规稻的叶、穗、根在抽穗开花期积累的光合碳中NSC含量占比更大。因此，干旱下常规稻可能是通过积累较多的NSC来保证各器官能量代谢的稳定进行，从而维持较稳定的产量。

    Abstract:

    Literature on drought stress and rice yield in China from 1990 to 2020 were integrated through Meta-analysis and the effects of rice varieties， the degree of drought stress， and the period of stress on yield were quantified to study the effects of drought on the allocation of dry matter and the yield of hybrid rice and inbred rice. The hybrid indica rice varieties including Yangliangyou 6 and Shanyou 63， the conventional indica rice varieties including Huanghuazhan and Yangdao 6 were used to conduct a pot experiment in Wuhan， Hubei Province， to further investigate the effects of drought （soil water potential -30 kPa±5 kPa） on the physiological indexes of leaves and roots， the accumulation and distribution of dry matter at the stages of heading and flowering in rice. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the average decrease in rice yield under drought was 24.0%. Compared with other stages of growth， the yield of rice decreased the most at the stage of vegetative growth under drought stress， reaching 24.4%. The significant difference in the decrease of yield between indica hybrid rice and indica inbred rice under drought stress was 19.3% and 13.8%， respectively， indicating that the yield of indica inbred rice is relatively stable under drought stress. The results of the pot experiment in Wuhan showed that the water potential and the content of chlorophyll in rice leaves， the injury velocity in roots， the absorption area of root， and the active absorption area all significantly decreased under drought stress. Among them， the injury velocity in roots decreased the most， with a decrease of 94.29% and 89.03% for hybrid rice and inbred l rice， respectively， while the vigor of root significantly increased. Drought significantly reduced the dry weight of all parts of rice， among which the content of soluble sugar and non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in leaves of hybrid rice decreased significantly by 37.73% and 25.35%， respectively. The content of soluble sugar and NSC in leaves of inbred rice increased significantly by 21.89% and 10.49%， respectively. The physiological indexes in leaves and roots of inbred rice under drought had smaller variation compared with those of hybrid rice， and its leaves， spikes， and roots accumulated more content of NSC， and its stems had higher content of photosynthetic carbon. The proportion of the content of NSC in the photosynthetic carbon accumulated in the leaves， spikes， and roots of inbred rice at the stages of heading and flowering was higher. It is indicated that the inbred rice may maintain stable yield under drought by accumulating more NSC to ensure stable metabolism of energy in all organs.

    图1 干旱胁迫对水稻产量构成影响的Meta分析Fig.1 A Meta-analysis of the effects of drought stress on rice yield components
    图2 Meta分析：干旱胁迫对水稻每穗粒数（A）、有效穗数（B）、结实率（C）影响的亚组分析Fig.2 A Meta-analysis of drought stress on rice spikelet number（A），panicle number（B） and grain filling percent（C） with a subgroup analysis
    图3 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的叶片水势比较Fig.3 Comparison of leaf water potential of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图4 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的叶绿素含量比较Fig.4 Comparison of chlorophyll content of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图5 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的根系伤流速度比较Fig.5 Comparison of root bleeding velocity of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图6 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的根系脱氢酶活力比较Fig.6 Comparison of root dehydrogenase activity of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图7 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的根系吸收面积（A ）与活跃吸收面积（B）比较Fig.7 Comparison of root absorbing area（A） and active root absorbing area（B） of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图8 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的单株干物质量比较Fig.8 Comparison of total dry weight per plant of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图9 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的各部位干物质量比较Fig.9 Comparison of different parts of dry weight per plant of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图10 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的可溶性糖含量比较Fig.10 Comparison of soluble sugar content of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under
    图11 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的淀粉含量比较Fig.11 Comparison of starch content of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    图12 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的NSC含量比较Fig.12 Comparison of NSC content of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
    表 1 Meta分析：干旱胁迫对水稻产量影响的亚组分析Table 1 A Meta-analysis of the effects of drought stress on rice yields with a subgroup analysis
    表 2 Meta分析：干旱胁迫对水稻产量影响的品种方向的亚组分析Table 2 Meta-analysis of the effects of drought stress on rice yields with a subgroup analysis of rice variety
    表 3 淹灌对照（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）下杂交稻和常规稻在抽穗开花期的13C含量比较Table 3 Comparison of 13C content of hybrid rice and inbred rice at flowering stage under flood irrigation （CK） and drought stress （DS）
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