Literature on drought stress and rice yield in China from 1990 to 2020 were integrated through Meta-analysis and the effects of rice varieties， the degree of drought stress， and the period of stress on yield were quantified to study the effects of drought on the allocation of dry matter and the yield of hybrid rice and inbred rice. The hybrid indica rice varieties including Yangliangyou 6 and Shanyou 63， the conventional indica rice varieties including Huanghuazhan and Yangdao 6 were used to conduct a pot experiment in Wuhan， Hubei Province， to further investigate the effects of drought （soil water potential -30 kPa±5 kPa） on the physiological indexes of leaves and roots， the accumulation and distribution of dry matter at the stages of heading and flowering in rice. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the average decrease in rice yield under drought was 24.0%. Compared with other stages of growth， the yield of rice decreased the most at the stage of vegetative growth under drought stress， reaching 24.4%. The significant difference in the decrease of yield between indica hybrid rice and indica inbred rice under drought stress was 19.3% and 13.8%， respectively， indicating that the yield of indica inbred rice is relatively stable under drought stress. The results of the pot experiment in Wuhan showed that the water potential and the content of chlorophyll in rice leaves， the injury velocity in roots， the absorption area of root， and the active absorption area all significantly decreased under drought stress. Among them， the injury velocity in roots decreased the most， with a decrease of 94.29% and 89.03% for hybrid rice and inbred l rice， respectively， while the vigor of root significantly increased. Drought significantly reduced the dry weight of all parts of rice， among which the content of soluble sugar and non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in leaves of hybrid rice decreased significantly by 37.73% and 25.35%， respectively. The content of soluble sugar and NSC in leaves of inbred rice increased significantly by 21.89% and 10.49%， respectively. The physiological indexes in leaves and roots of inbred rice under drought had smaller variation compared with those of hybrid rice， and its leaves， spikes， and roots accumulated more content of NSC， and its stems had higher content of photosynthetic carbon. The proportion of the content of NSC in the photosynthetic carbon accumulated in the leaves， spikes， and roots of inbred rice at the stages of heading and flowering was higher. It is indicated that the inbred rice may maintain stable yield under drought by accumulating more NSC to ensure stable metabolism of energy in all organs.