Agricultural carbon trading is an essential tool that facilitates the transition from traditional to low-carbon agriculture， offering significant potential to enhance farmers’ income. At present， notable progress has been achieved in China’s pilot agricultural carbon trading initiatives. However， how to achieve widespread participation among farmers and effectively enhance their income remains a key issue that needs to be urgently addressed. To synergistically propel the attainment of the “Dual-carbon” objectives and the realization of common prosperity， by examining the typical scenarios of agricultural carbon trading pilots and delineating the process of agricultural carbon trading， this study elucidated the mechanisms through which agricultural carbon trading promotes farmers’ income. Additionally， we categorized agricultural carbon trading projects based on farmers’ participation demands and income potential， delving into the real-world challenges faced by different types of projects and offering corresponding countermeasures and recommendations. The study revealed that the benefits of farmers’ income enhancement stem from transfer payments from regulatory agencies， input contributions from farmers， organization and guidance from intermediary institutions， and product purchases from consumers. Therefore， it is imperative to improve the policy support system for agricultural carbon trading， strengthen capacity building for agricultural carbon trading， stimulate social service vitality in agricultural carbon trading， and optimize the mechanism for sharing benefits of farmers’ income enhancement.