The transformation and upgrading of freshwater fisheries is of great significance for promoting consumption upgrading and achieving high-quality sustainable development of industry. Based on the analysis of the prominent problems faced by the transformation and upgrading of freshwater fisheries and the needs of engineering science and technology in China， this paper puts forward the specific overall ideas， the promotion paths， the main tasks and the main goals for the transformation and upgrading of freshwater fisheries. And through systematic research， the key research points of engineering science and technology innovation are put forward， such as green and efficient breeding， excellent species breeding technology and equipment， precise feeding and efficient feed utilization technology， water environment control technology under different breeding modes， efficient green technology and equipment for tailwater treatment， multi-information intelligent stereoscopic sensing technology and equipment， freshwater product fishing and high-quality freshness preservation， storage and transportation technology in cold chain logistics and equipment for aquaculture product primary processing， to provide the decision-making reference for comprehensively promoting the mechanization， establishment， and intelligence level of freshwater fishery in our country.