1种植物源次生代谢物在农作物上的应用效果
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作者单位:

1.武汉皓达农业科技有限公司,武汉 430070;2.武汉商学院食品科技学院,武汉 430056

作者简介:

李綎瑄,E-mail:Itx901@hotmail.com

中图分类号:

S147.5


Application effect of plant-derived secondary metabolite on agricultural crops
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Wuhan Haoda Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430070,China;2.School of Food Science and Technology,Wuhan Business University,Wuhan 430056,China

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    摘要:

    为探究植物源次生代谢物对不同作物增产的效果,将甜菜和甘蔗的代谢物提取分离后,通过优化配比,然后与腐殖酸螯合,按照含腐殖酸水溶肥料国家标准形成产品,通过田间试验和水培试验研究该产品在小麦等15种作物上的增产效果及其作用机制。试验设置2个处理:①常规施肥;②常规施肥+含植物源次生代谢物产品,该产品根据不同作物类型分别采用叶面喷施、拌肥和灌根3种方式施用。结果显示:与对照相比,施用含植物源次生代谢物产品,15种作物产量均得到提高,增幅为5.2%~21.1%;水稻、玉米和棉花种子的发芽势分别提高了6.6%、11.5%和15.2%,发芽率分别提高了2.6%、3.5%和6.1%;小麦根系总根长、总表面积和根尖数分别提高了54.44%、60.57%和30.43%;马铃薯、大白菜、包菜和小麦叶片的SPAD值分别提高了4.8%、8.7%、6.6%和9.7%;小麦叶片净光合速率提高了7.9%;马铃薯、大白菜和辣椒中Vc含量分别提高了40.8%、22.9%和28.51%,硝酸盐含量分别下降了28.8%、23.9%和20.27%;葡萄和甜菜的含糖率分别提高了21.81%和15.75%。以上结果表明,植物源次生代谢物能通过提高根系活力、促进养分的吸收,提高叶绿素含量、促进光合产物的累积,从而提高作物产量,改善作物品质,具有良好的提质增效作用。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the effect of plant secondary metabolites on the yield increase of different crops,the metabolites of sugar beet and sugarcane were extracted and separated,optimized in proportion,and then chelated with humic acid to form a product according to the national standard of water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid.Field and hydroponic experiments were conducted to study the yield increase effect and mechanism of this product on 15 crops such as wheat.Two treatments were set up in the experiment:(1) conventional fertilization; (2) conventional fertilization + plant-derived secondary metabolites products,which were applied by foliar spraying,fertilizer mixing,and root irrigation according to different crop types.The results showed that compared with the control,the yield of 15 crops were increased by 5.2% to 21.1% by applying plant-derived secondary metabolites.The germination potential of rice,corn,and cotton seeds increased by 6.6%,11.5%,and 15.2%,respectively,and the germination rate increased by 2.6%,3.5%,and 6.1%,respectively.The total root length,total surface area,and root tip number of wheat roots increased by 54.44%,60.57%,and 30.43%,respectively.The SPAD values of potato,Chinese cabbage,cabbage,and wheat leaves increased by 4.8%,8.7%,6.6%,and 9.7%,respectively.The net photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves increased by 7.9%,and the Vc content of potatoes,Chinese cabbage,and chili increased by 40.8%,22.9%,and 28.51%,respectively.However,the nitrate content decreased by 28.8%,23.9%,and 20.27%,respectively.The sugar content of grapes and beets increased by 21.81% and 15.75%,respectively.The above results indicate that plant secondary metabolites could increase the yield and improve the quality of crop by enhancing the root vitality,promoting nutrient absorption,increasing chlorophyll content,and promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic products,and have good effects of improving fertilizer quality and efficiency.

    表 6 不同处理下小麦叶片光合作用参数的变化Table 6 Changes in photosynthetic parameters of wheat leaves under different treatments
    表 5 不同处理下作物叶片SPAD的变化Table 5 Changes in SPAD of crop leaves under different treatments
    表 3 不同处理下小麦根系指标的变化Table 3 Changes in wheat root system indicators under different treatments
    表 4 不同处理下大白菜和包菜的干质量和根冠比Table 4 Dry matter and root to shoot ratio of Chinese cabbage and cabbage under different treatments
    表 2 不同处理下作物种子的发芽率和发芽势Table 2 Germination rate and germination potential of crop seeds under different treatments
    表 1 植物源次生代谢物对不同作物的增产效果Table 1 The effect of plant secondary metabolites on yield increase of different crops
    图1 小麦根系扫描图Fig.1 Scanning image of wheat root
    图2 不同处理下作物维生素C含量的变化Fig.2 Changes in vitamin C content of crops under different treatments
    图4 不同处理下作物糖含量的变化Fig.4 Changes in crop sugar content under different treatments
    图3 不同处理下作物硝酸盐含量的变化Fig.3 Changes in nitrate content of crops under different treatments
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李綎瑄,解环环,叶超,王文伟,范富强.1种植物源次生代谢物在农作物上的应用效果[J].华中农业大学学报,2023,42(6):205-212

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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-12-12
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