不同施氮水平下化学调控对棉花光合特征及产量的影响
CSTR:
作者:
作者单位:

1.新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830052;2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

作者简介:

吴一帆,E-mail: 1141358752@qq.com

通讯作者:

张巨松,E-mail: xjndzjs@163.com

中图分类号:

S562

基金项目:

新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4)


Effects of chemical regulation on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton under different nitrogen application levels
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University / Research Center of Cotton Engineering, Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China;2.Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

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    摘要:

    为探明不同施氮水平与缩节胺对棉花光合特性及产量的互作效应,以“新陆中88号”为试材,采用双因素裂区试验设计,设置320(N1)、480 kg/hm2(N2)2个施氮(纯氮)水平和67.0(F1)、150.0(F2)、260.5(F3)、371.0 g/hm2(F4)4个缩节胺喷施剂量,研究不同施氮水平下缩节胺喷施剂量对棉花光合特征及产量构成因素的影响。结果显示,施氮水平与缩节胺剂量对棉花净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、干物质积累、氮素积累与产量构成因素均存在互作效应。氮肥与缩节胺对棉花PnTr的促进作用主要在棉花盛铃期与吐絮期,且PnTr均以N1F3处理较高。N1最终生殖器官干物质积累量、氮素积累与皮棉产量均高于N2,各指标依次高出5.6%、11.32%、7.68%。同一施氮水平下,F3剂量能够显著提高棉花生殖器官干物质及氮素积累量,增加棉花单株结铃数、单铃质量与皮棉产量,亦均以N1F3处理较高,但其与N1F2处理相比均未达显著差异水平,其中N1F3皮棉产量为2 803.32 kg/hm2,但其仅较N1F2处理增产0.3%。因此,综合考虑各测定指标表现,在本试验条件下,推荐南疆棉田适宜施氮量为320 kg/hm2,同时配合喷施缩节胺剂量150.0 g/hm2为宜,节本的同时可保证较高的棉花产量。

    Abstract:

    To explore the interaction effect of different nitrogen levels and mepiquat chloricie (DPC) on cotton, a two-factor cleft zone test was designed with “XinLuzhong 88” as test material, two nitrogen levels of 320 (N1), 480 kg/hm2 (N2), and four doses of DPC spray of 67.0 (F1), 150.0 (F2), 260.5 (F3), 371.0 g/hm2 (F4), were applied, the effect of the DPC under different nitrogen levels on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation was studied. The results showed that there were interactions between nitrogen level and DPC dosage on the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation and yield composition factors in cotton. The promotion effects of nitrogen fertilizer and DPC on Pn and Tr of cotton were mainly in cotton after full boll and opening boll stages, and both Pn and Tr were higher under N1F3 treatment. The accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and lint yield of final reproductive organs in N1 treatment were higher than that of N2, and the indexes were 5.6%, 11.32% and 7.68% higher respectively. Under the same nitrogen level, the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen in reproductive organs, the number of single knots, single bell mass and lint yield of cotton, were significantly increased with N1F3 treatment, but it did not reach a significant difference level compared with N1F2 treatment, among which the lint yield of N1F3 was 2 803.32 kg/hm2, only 0.3% higher than that of N1F2 treatment. Therefore, considering the performance of each measurement index, under the test conditions, it is recommended to apply a nitrogen amount of 320 kg/hm2, and a DPC dosage of 150.0 g/hm2 to ensure a higher cotton yield.

    表 5 棉花功能叶(倒四叶)Tr的比较Table 5 Comparison of Tr of functional leaves (inverted four leaves) in cotton
    表 2 施肥方案Table 2 Fertilization treatment
    表 8 不同处理下棉花产量及产量构成因素的比较Table 8 Comparison of cotton yield and yield components under different treatments
    表 7 棉花营养与生殖器官氮素积累及变化Table 7 Nutrient and reproductive organ nitrogen accumulation and change in cotton
    图1 不同生育时期各处理棉花干物质积累和分布Fig.1 Dynamic changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution in cotton in different growth periods
    表 1 土壤基础肥力Table 1 Basic soil fertility prior to sowing
    表 4 棉花功能叶(倒四叶)Pn的比较Table 4 Comparison of Pn of functional leaves (inverted four leaves) in cotton
    表 6 棉株干物质积累Logistic 方程及特征值Table 6 Logistic equation and eigenvalue of dry matter accumulation in cotton plant
    表 3 缩节胺喷施时间及剂量Table 3 DPC spraying time and dosage
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吴一帆,彭增莹,段松江,申莹莹,李宗润,郭仁松,张巨松.不同施氮水平下化学调控对棉花光合特征及产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2023,42(5):132-140

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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27
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