首页 > 过刊浏览>2023年第42卷第5期 >53-63. DOI:10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2023.05.007
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新疆棉秆回收机械化现状及发展对策
CSTR:
[cstr]
作者:
作者单位:

1.新疆农垦科学院农产品加工研究所,石河子 832000;2.新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子 832000;3.黑龙江德沃科技开发有限公司,哈尔滨 150086

作者简介:

沈从举，E-mail：shencongju@163.com

通讯作者:

曹肆林，E-mail：125489233@qq.com

中图分类号:

S223.75

基金项目:

新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目（2020CB013）；国家重点研发计划课题（2022YFD2002403）；新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目（2022B02033-2）；新疆农垦科学院创新团队（NCG202302）


Situation and strategies of mechanization in recycling of cotton stalk in Xinjiang
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Institute of Agricultural Products Processing， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences， Shihezi 832000， China;2.Institute of Mechanical Equipment Research， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences， Shihezi 832000， China;3.Dewo Science & Technology Development Co. Ltd.， Heilongjiang， Harbin 150030， China

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    摘要:

    新疆是我国最大的棉花产区和优质棉生产基地，棉花种植面积和产量均居全国首位。棉秆作为棉花的主要副产物，是一种重要的农业可再生资源，其利用价值越来越受到关注。棉秆回收机械化作为棉秆收储运的首要环节，是保障棉秆离田综合利用的前提，解决棉秆回收机械化问题对提高其综合利用率、改善生态环境和提高经济效益具有重要现实意义。本文分析了新疆棉花生产与棉秆资源现状，概述了国内外典型的棉秆回收机械研究与应用现状，总结了我国棉秆回收机械的类型、关键技术、性能特点、存在问题和发展趋势，指出了现阶段我国棉秆回收机械化程度低、收储运体系不完善是制约其综合利用的瓶颈问题，提出要加强棉秆回收机械研发创新力度，突破核心关键技术；同时完善收储运体系建设，建立离田回收利用技术模式。

    Abstract:

    Xinjiang is the largest cotton producing area and production base of cotton with high-quality in China， with the planting area and yield ranking first in China. Cotton stalk， as the main by-product of cotton， is an important renewable resource in agriculture， and its value of utilization has attracted more and more attention. The mechanization in recycling cotton stalk is the primary link in the collection， storage， and transportation of cotton stalks， and is a prerequisite for ensuring the comprehensive utilization of cotton stalks out of the field. Solving problems of the mechanization in recycling cotton stalk has important practical significance for improving its comprehensive utilization rate and the ecological environment， and increasing economic benefits. The situation of cotton production and resources of cotton stalk in Xinjiang were analyzed by reviewing the relevant literature， combined with field investigation and project study. The situation of research and application of the typical machinery for recycling cotton stalks at home and abroad was overviewed. The types， key technologies， performance characteristics， problems， and trends of the machinery for recycling cotton stalks in China were summarized. It was pointed out that the low level of mechanization in recycling cotton stalks and the imperfect system of collecting， storing and transporting cotton stalks in China are the bottleneck issues that restrict the comprehensive utilization of cotton stalks at present. It is proposed to strengthen the innovation of the mechanization in recycling cotton stalk and break through the core key technologies. At the same time， the system of the collection， storage， and transportation of cotton stalks should be established and improved. The technology model for recycling and utilization of cotton stalks out of field should be constructed.

    表 1 国外典型的棉秆起拔收获机Table 1 Typical cotton straw puller in foreign countries
    表 2 国内典型的自走式棉秆箱式收获机Table 2 Typical self-propelled cotton stalk box harvester in China
    图1 新疆棉花典型的1膜6行种植模式Fig.1 Typical planting pattern of cotton with 1 film and 6 rows in Xinjiang
    图2 2011—2021年新疆棉花种植情况Fig.2 Cotton cultivation in Xinjiang from 2011 to 2021
    图3 2021年中国棉花产区播种面积（A）和产量（B）Fig.3 Sown area（A） and output（B） of cotton production areas in China in 2021
    图4 2011—2021年新疆棉秆产量Fig.4 Cotton straw yield in Xinjiang from 2011 to 2021
    表 3 国内典型的棉秆压缩打捆机Table 3 Typical domestic cotton straw compression baler
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沈从举,郭慧静,代亚猛,李帆,曹肆林,金新文,沈亮,邓宇.新疆棉秆回收机械化现状及发展对策[J].华中农业大学学报,2023,42(5):53-63

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-01
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