我国柑橘栽培管理技术现状调查和发展思考
作者:
作者单位:

华中农业大学园艺林学学院/果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,武汉 430070

作者简介:

潘一凡,E-mail:2802006833@qq.com

通讯作者:

刘永忠,E-mail:liuyongzhong@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

S666

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000100);南宁市科技重大专项(20222063);国家柑橘产业技术体系(CARS26);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA036)


Investigation and development thinking on the cultivation situation and management techniques of citrus in China
Author:
Affiliation:

College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences /National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070,China

Fund Project:

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    摘要:

    为了解我国柑橘栽培管理技术现状,采用问卷方式对我国主要柑橘种植省(市)的306个种植主体就冬季清园、控草、肥水管理等技术进行调查。结果显示:96.7%的种植主体对橘园进行冬季清园,年均控草为3.2次、施肥4.9次、灌水6.7次和施药11.5次;采用除草剂、背负式割草机和手工方式控草的种植主体分别占57.5%、56.2%和47.4%,采用撒施和叶面喷施方式施肥的分别为65.5%和63.9%;53.1%和39.3%的种植主体采用管道浇灌和滴灌方式灌水,71.2%的种植主体采用管道方式施药,采用风送式机械施药的比例比较低(14.7%);仅有34.5%的种植主体的橘园会经常进行生长季节修剪,以纯人工修剪方式为主,占比达到86.6%。柑橘栽培管理技术应用与橘园面积、类型和分布有关:面积大或缓坡平地橘园年均控草和施肥次数、滴灌施肥的比例有比小面积或山地橘园多,但年均施药次数则相反;华中地区橘园灌水、施肥次数和成熟期撑果操作比例最少。另外,结合现状调查提出了柑橘栽培管理技术发展建议:一是需要持续重视符合时代需求的柑橘栽培管理技术的研发和应用,二是重视农艺农机结合的栽培技术和装备研发,三是轻简优质栽培技术和装备研发要注重系统性。

    Abstract:

    A questionnaire survey was conducted on 306 planting entities in main citrus planting provinces (cities) in China regarding techniques including winter sanitation,weed control,and management of fertilizer and water to understand the cultivation situation and management techniques of citrus in China.The results showed that 96.7% of planting entities conducted winter sanitation for citrus orchards.The annual average times of weed control,fertilization,irrigation and pesticide application were 3.2,4.9,6.7 and 11.5,respectively.57.5%,56.2%,and 47.4% of the planters used herbicides,knapsack mowers,and manual weed control,respectively.65.5% and 63.9% of the planters used broadcasting and foliar spraying methods.53.1% and 39.3% of the planters used pipe irrigation and drip irrigation methods.71.2% of the planters used pipeline injection,and the proportion of air-sent mechanical injection was relatively low (14.7%).Only 34.5% of the planters had regular pruning during the growing season,and the pruning was mainly done by manual methods (accounting for 86.6%).The application of citrus cultivation and management techniques is related to the area,type,and distribution of citrus orchards.The annual average number of weed control and fertilization,the proportion of drip irrigation and fertilization,is higher in large area or gentle slope flat orchards than that in small area or mountainous orchards,but the annual average number of pesticide applications is the opposite.In central China,the ratio of irrigation,fertilization and fruit holding operation at maturity were the least among different planting regions.Based on the results of investigation,suggestions for the development of citrus cultivation and management technologies have been proposed.Firstly,it is necessary to continue to pay attention to the research and development of citrus cultivation and management technologies that meet the needs of the times.Secondly,it is important to attach importance to the research and development of cultivation technologies and equipment that combine agronomy and agricultural machinery.Thirdly,the research and development of cultivation technologies and equipment with ease,simplicity and high quality should focus on systematicity.

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潘一凡,刘永忠,黄钰轩,陈欢,李燕婷,罗银.我国柑橘栽培管理技术现状调查和发展思考[J].华中农业大学学报,2023,42(4):140-149

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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-08-30
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