Aiming at the problem that mechanical vibration changes the force and transport state of seeds， which then leads to the reduction of precision seeding performance， an experimental study was conducted on the effect of vibration frequency and amplitude on the seeding performance of rapeseed precision seeder based on the vibration seeder performance testing test bench. The results showed that the critical negative pressure at 30 Hz vibration frequency is slightly lower than the state without vibration， and the qualification index is higher than 90% after the critical negative pressure， at 10 Hz and 20 Hz vibration frequency， the vibration causes the increase of vertical displacement of seed metering device， and the increase of seed feeding disorder， and the seed throwing qualification index is always less than 80%， which is obviously lower than no vibration and 30 Hz vibration frequency. Under the condition of 40 Hz vibration frequency and amplitude ≥8 m/s²， the seed filling chamber and seed suction area showed the state of “boiling”， and the higher qualification index can be obtained at a lower seed suction negative pressure， and the vibration under the higher negative pressure will reduce the resorption rate of shaped hole. With different combinations of frequency and amplitude conditions， the critical negative pressure of seed suction varied significantly， and the seed discharge qualification index corresponding to the negative pressure of seed suction before reaching the critical value was significantly different， and the influence of mechanical vibration was reduced after reaching the critical value. This study provides a reference for the improvement of the vibration adaptive structure of rape precision seed raiser， and provides a basis for the research on increasing the beneficial vibration interval or reducing the vibration interference in production.