Taking the rice variety “Quanliangyou Efeng Simiao” as the material，the treatments including no fertilization （N0），the one-time side deep basal application of controlled-release fertilizer （N1），the one-time side deep basal application of controlled-release fertilizer by 10% nitrogen reduction （N2），the one-time side deep basal application of controlled-release fertilizer by 20% nitrogen reduction （N3），and the traditional and fertilization （CK） were set up to develop the simple and efficient cultivation technology of machine-transplanted rice with one-time deep foundation application. The tillering dynamics，leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at stages of major growth，root index at stage of heading，various nitrogen use efficiencies and yield were measured to study effects of one-time side deep application with controlled-release fertilizer on the growth，nitrogen utilization and yield of rice. The results showed that the N1 and N2 treatment significantly increased the yield by 12.99%-14.85% and 5.47%-6.09% compared with the treatment of CK. The yield of N3 treatment was not significantly different from that of CK. After fitting analysis of fertilization amount and yield，the yield was the same as that of CK when the nitrogen was reduced by 18.72%. Compared with CK，the one-time side deep application of controlled-release fertilizer significantly increased the tiller percentage of ear bearing，the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation at stages of the middle and late growth of rice，promoted root growth and expanded the distribution range of roots. Compared with CK，N1，N2 and N3 treatment increased the apparent nitrogen use efficiency by 1.21%-46.57%，agronomic nitrogen use efficiency by 18.85%-61.73%，physiological nitrogen use efficiency by 8.90%-17.71% and partial factor productivity nitrogen by 12.99%-23.61%. It is indicated that the one-time side deep application of fertilizer release promotes root growth，increases panicle number，improves the efficiency of various nitrogen use，and greatly reduces the number of fertilizations. The high and stable yield of rice can be achieved within the scope of reducing nitrogen by 18.72%.