Cattle industry is an important part of animal husbandry and a pillar industry for agriculture and rural development in China.However， the prevalence of important infectious diseases in cattle seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of cattle industry and public health security.With the continuous expansion of domestic and foreign trade related to cattle， its impact is on the rise.In this paper， the epidemic characterization， control status and challenges of important bovine diseases in China were reviewed from three aspects， including important infectious diseases， emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging infectious diseases.It is considered that the prevalence of important infectious diseases in cattle is associated with complex and changing natural， social， and economic factors， which is characterized by following aspects： unclear epidemiological background， the continuous emergence of new diseases， the re-emergence of some controlled diseases， the frequent co-infection with multiple pathogens， diagnosis， and treatment difficulties etc.Finally， based on the current internal and external challenges for the effective prevention and control of important bovine infectious diseases， the prevention and control suggestions were put forward， in order to provide reference for the effective prevention and control of important bovine infectious diseases in China.