连续施用有机肥的田间土壤和果蔬重金属风险评估
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作者:
作者单位:

1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院/新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,武汉430070;2.全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

作者简介:

葛赞,E-mail:953018372@qq.com

通讯作者:

谭启玲, E-mail:qltan@mail.hzau.edu.cn

中图分类号:

S141;X825

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001400,2016YFD0201306);国家现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-26)


Evaluating risk of heavy metals in fruits, vegetables and soils under continuous application of organic fertilizers in field
Author:
Affiliation:

1.College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizers,Wuhan 430070,China;2.The National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Beijing 100125,China

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    摘要:

    为比较施用有机肥替代化肥对果蔬产量品质及果蔬和土壤中重金属含量的影响,采用田间小区试验,连续三季蔬菜(小白菜、萝卜、辣椒)和多年柑橘(马家柚)施用有机肥。以不施肥(CK)和施用化肥(CF)为对照,设置2种有机肥的化肥等氮量施用处理(OF1、OF2)。结果显示:与CF处理相比,OF1、OF2处理均能保证前两季蔬菜以及马家柚的产量不下降,并显著提高马家柚可溶性固形物以及蔬菜土壤有机质的含量。前两季蔬菜不同处理间重金属含量差异不显著,但OF1、OF2处理的萝卜可食部Pb含量已临近限量标准;在第三季蔬菜中,OF1、OF2处理的辣椒可食部Cr、As、Cu、Zn含量较CF处理均出现显著积累。OF1处理的马家柚果肉与果皮Pb含量已超出限量标准,OF2处理也已接近限量标准。蔬菜土壤各项重金属含量远低于风险管控值,但Pb、Cd、Hg较CF处理均出现了显著性积累,其中Hg含量积累速度最快。结果表明,2种等氮有机肥施用均能在短期内提高果蔬的产量及品质,改善土壤理化性质,但同时也会增加土壤重金属的积累。因此,连续施用有机肥,将存在果蔬重金属含量超标的风险。

    Abstract:

    The field plot experiments were conducted to apply organic fertilizer to vegetables including cabbage, radish, pepper for three consecutive seasons and citrus (Majia pomelo) for many years to compare the effects of applying organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on the yield, quality of fruits and vegetables and the content of heavy metals in soil. Using no fertilization (CK) and fertilizer application (CF) as the control, two organic fertilizer treatments with equal nitrogen fertilizer application including OF1, OF2 were set up. The results showed that both OF1 and OF2 treatments ensured that the yield of vegetables in the first two seasons and Majia pomelo do not decrease, and significantly increase the contents of soluble solids in Majia pomelo and the content of organic matter in vegetable soil compared with CF treatment. There was no significant difference in the content of heavy metals between vegetables under different treatments in the first two seasons, but the content of Pb in the edible part of radish treated with OF1 and OF2 was close to the limit standard. In the vegetables of third season, the contents of Cr, As, Cu and Zn in edible parts of pepper treated with OF1 and OF2 were significantly higher than those treated with CF. The content of Pb in the pulp and peel of Majia pomelo fruit treated with OF1 exceeded the limit standard, and that with OF2 treatment was close to the limit standard. The content of various heavy metals in vegetable soil was far lower than the value of risk control, but the content of Pb, Cd, Hg had significantly accumulated compared with CF treatment, among which the content of Hg was the fastest. It is indicated that the application of two organic fertilizer with equal nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in a short time, but increase the accumulation of heavy metals in soil as well. Therefore, continuous application of organic fertilizer will lead to the risk that the content of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables exceeds the limit standard.

    表 5 不同施肥处理对土壤理化性质的影响Table 5 Effects of different types of fertilizers on physical and chemical properties of soil
    图1 不同施肥处理对果蔬产量的影响Fig.1 Effects of different types of fertilizers on yield of vegetables and fruits
    图2 不同施肥处理对土壤有机质含量的影响Fig.2 Effects of different types of fertilizers on organic matter content of soi
    图3 不同施肥处理对蔬菜土壤重金属含量的影响Fig.3 Effects of different types of fertilizers on heavy metals contents of vegetable soil
    表 2 两季蔬菜及马家柚各处理施肥的纯养分含量Table 2 Pure nutrient content in fertilization of two season vegetables and Majia pomelo
    表 4 不同施肥处理对马家柚内外在品质的影响Table 4 Effects of different types of fertilizers on external quality of Majia pomelo
    表 6 不同施肥处理对果蔬重金属含量(干基)的影响Table 6 Effects of different types of fertilizers on heavy metals contents (DW) of vegetables
    表 3 不同施肥处理对蔬菜外在品质的影响Table 3 Effects of different types of fertilizers on growth of vegetables
    表 7 不同施肥处理对马家柚果园土壤重金属含量的影响Table 7 Effects of different types of fertilizers on heavy metals contents of soil
    表 1 供试有机肥养分及重金属含量状况Table 1 Nutrient contents and heavy metals contents in tested organic fertilizers
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葛赞,杨威,王宇航,谭启玲,田有国,胡承孝,孙学成.连续施用有机肥的田间土壤和果蔬重金属风险评估[J].华中农业大学学报,2023,42(1):188-196

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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-15
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-22
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